Microbiological Zoonotic Emerging Risks, Transmitted Between Livestock Animals and Humans (2007-2015)

Abstract

Summary As part of the Emerging Risk Identification (ERI) activities of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), a literature search was conducted to identify the microbiological agents transmitted between livestock animals and humans that have been suggested as having emerged between 2007 and 2015 in peer‐reviewed scientific literature published during the same period (2007–2015). According to the criteria set, the search identified seven such zoonotic agents, namely West Nile Fever virus, Rift Valley Fever virus, Crimean‐Congo Haemorrhagic Fever virus, Influenza A H1N1 virus, Coxiella burnetii, Streptococcus suis and livestock‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 398. An explanation of the agents' consideration as emerging risks is provided. The experience gained from these emergences has shown that the detection of and response to such risks can be achieved faster and more successfully within a multidisciplinary, collaborative context at the field, local, national and international levels.

First report of Coxiella burnetii and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in poultry red mites, Dermanyssus gallinae (Mesostigmata, Acari), related to urban outbreaks of dermatitis in Italy

“…In particular, the detection of C. burnetii in mites causing human dermatitis may represent a major concern, as the pathogen is the agent of the Q fever, a worldwide zoonosis [20] . Previous studies noted that birds living in urban environments, mostly pigeons, can harbour C. burnetii [21] , [22] and may be the source of Q fever outbreaks that atypically occurred in people not in contact with ruminants, the classical source of infection [20] . In 1955, Zemskaia and Pchelkina [23] showed that D. gallinae could acquire infection while feeding on infected animals and that C. burnetii survived about 6 months in live PRMs and about 1 year in dead mites.…”

“…For both organisms, phylogenetic inferences were obtained by maximum-likelihood estimation using PhyML software [19] , with 1000 nonparametric bootstrap replicates. The best-fitting evolutionary models were determined by the Model test script [20] implemented for the web at Find Model ( http://www.hiv.lanl.gov/content/sequence/findmodel/findmodel.html ).…”

Perceptie, drijfveren en hindernissen van bioveiligheid in de rundveeproductie

“…However, the actual implementation of biosecurity measures is often low (Ribbens et al, 2008;Nöremark et al, 2010;Van Steenwinkel et al, 2011;Sarrazin et al, 2014). In Belgium, biosecurity measures are better established in pig and poultry production (Ribbens et al, 2008;Van Steenwinkel et al, 2011;Filippitzi et al, 2017), whereas in cattle production, there is much room for improvement of the biosecurity (Sarrazin et al, 2014). In a recent study, it has been shown that few biosecurity measures are undertaken by Belgian cattle farmers, thereby exposing themselves to the risk of disease transmission within and between farms (Sarrazin et al, 2014).…”

Screening of Virulence-Related Transcriptional Regulators in Streptococcus suis

“…This pathogen, which can cause arthritis, meningitis, endocarditis, and many other pathologies, is responsible for severe economic losses worldwide in the swine industry and poses a serious threat to human health [ 2 ]. Since the first reported human case in Denmark, similar cases have been reported worldwide [ 3 ]. More than 1600 human cases of S.suis infections reported worldwide between 2002 and 2013, mainly in Asia (90.2%), and second in Europe (8.5%) [ 4 ].…”