Microbiological Quality and Adulteration of Pasteurized and Raw Milk Marketed in Dharan, Nepal

Limbu, Dhiren Subba; Bantawa, Kamana; Limbu, Dil Kumar; Devkota, Mandira; Ghimire, Monika

doi:10.3126/hijost.v4i0.33864

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The present study revealed an overall E. coli prevalence of 54.7% from different foods of bovine origin collected from different sources in the study areas. This prevalence was in agreement with previous studies reported by Limbu et al [55] (55.0%), Soomro et al) [56] (55.0%), Atsbha et al [57] (57.29%), Reta et al [58] (58.0%), Tadesse et al [53] (51.2%), and Meshref [59] (52.6%) in Dharan (Nepal), Tandojam (Pakistan), Mekelle town, Jigjiga city, Mekelle town, and Beni-Suef governorate (Egypt), respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of E. coli O157:H7 Isolated from Foods of Bovine Origin in Dessie and Kombolcha Towns, Ethiopia

Abebe

Gugsa

Ahmed

et al. 2022

Preprint

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E. coli are frequently isolated food-borne pathogens from meat, milk, and their products. Moreover, there has been a significant rise in the antimicrobial resistance patterns of E. coli O157:H7 to commonly used antibiotics. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October, 2019 to July, 2021 to estimate prevalence and identify associated factors of E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 and to determine antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli O157:H7 from foods of bovine origin in Dessie and Kombolcha towns. A total of 384 samples were collected. Systematic and simple random sampling techniques were employed for sampling carcasses and milking cows, respectively. E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 were detected according to recommended bacteriological protocols. E. coli O157:H7 strains were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility using agar disk diffusion method. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were applied to analyze the data. Overall prevalence rates of E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 were 54.7% and 6.5%, respectively. Highest prevalence rates of E. coli (79.6%) and E. coli O157:H7 (16.7%) were obtained from carcass swab and milk tank samples, respectively. Unlike E. coli O157:H7, a statistically significant difference in the E. coli prevalence (P<0.05) was observed among the different sample types. Multidrug resistance was observed among all isolates of E. coli O157:H7. All E. coli O157:H7 isolates (100.0%) were susceptible to Ampicillin, Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and Norfloxacin. On the contrary, all of the isolates (100%) were resistant to Penicillin G, Vancomycin, and Oxacillin. The current study indicated that different foods of bovine origin in the study area were unsafe for human consumption. Hence, good hygienic production methods should be employed to ensure the safety of foods of bovine origin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of E. coli O157:H7 Isolated from Foods of Bovine Origin in Dessie and Kombolcha Towns, Ethiopia

Abebe

Gugsa

Ahmed

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The values in this study were higher but could be comparable to previous work in Zaria, where the mean counts of 3.16 and 3.74-log10 CFU/ML were reported in pasteurized milk reported by Lawan et al (2012). The presence of coliforms in milk products may be due to defective pasteurization, adulteration of pasteurized milk with raw milk, and unsanitary handling (Limbu et al, 2020). The difference in coliform counts for the milk products might range from faulty processing to post-pasteurization contamination following several parameters, such as contamination from unhygienic handling of the milk products during processing and package, contamination from utensils used for processing and storage, flies, specks of dust, contaminated water from the well and/or addition of unclean water from ice and milk storage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Nyalekwa and Nonga (2018) also reported 95% (8.1 ± 8.2 CFU/ML) average total rates of coliform counts contamination of in raw cow milk collected from 20 different dairy farms in Morogoro Municipality Tanzania, and Dharan Nepal. Limbu et al (2020) also recorded an average of 14 × 10 4 CFU/ML (95%) total coliform contamination in raw cow milk. This findings also agree with the high mean average value (2.68-log10 3 CFU/ML) of coliform counts in raw milk samples collected from different local small farms and markets in Bangladash as reported by Muzahidul et al (2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Evaluation of Total Coliform Counts in Non-Fermented and Fermented Cow Milk Products (Kindirmo, Mai-Shanu and Nono) in Zaria Metropolis, Nigeria

Chagwa¹,

Kwaga²,

Mamman³

2022

Nig. Vet. J.

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Testing for coliforms has a long history in dairy production, and has helped to identify the unsanitary condition of unpasteurized and pasteurized milk products. The study was performed to evaluate the level of coliform bacterial contamination in raw cow milk and milk products (kindirmo, mai-shanu, and nono). A total of 426 samples comprising 106 raw milk, 106 kindirmo, 106 mai-shanu and 108 nono were obtained from four selected Fulani herds (Damari, Marwa, Tudun-Muntsira, and Wuciciri) and four milk markets (Kasuwan-Mata, Kwangila, Samaru and Tudun-Wada) in Zaria Metropolis, all samples were tested using the bacteriological method. Coliform counts were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Tukey package and recorded as mean coliform counts (CFU/ML). The overall mean coliform counts for the milk products (raw milk, kindirmo, mai-shanu, and nono) were 98.88 ± 7.68 x 108 CFU/ML, 60.19 ± 5.49 x 108 CFU/ML, 60.36 ± 5.50 x 108 CFU/ML and 73.5 ± 7.09 x 108 CFU/ML respectively. The mean coliform counts for raw milk were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) from the three products (kindirmo, mai-shanu and nono). The study revealed heavy coliform bacterial load, ranging between 60.19 ± 5.49 x 108 CFU/ML and 98.88 ± 7.68 x 108 CFU/ML. This study calls for educating farmers and milk retailers at different levels level of production on the hygienic way of handling milk along the value chain to minimize unnecessary contamination of milk and milk products which can be of public health significance.

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“…al [55]. (55.0%), Soomro et al)[56] (55.0%), Atsbha et al [57] (57.29%), Reta et al [58] (58.0%), Tadesse et al [53] (51.2%), and Meshref [59] (52.6%) in Dharan (Nepal), Tandojam (Pakistan), Mekelle town, Jigjiga city, Mekelle town, and Beni-Suef governorate (Egypt), respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from foods of Bovine origin in Dessie and Kombolcha towns, Ethiopia

et al. 2023

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E. coli are frequently isolated food-borne pathogens from meat, milk, and their products. Moreover, there has been a significant rise in the antimicrobial resistance patterns of E. coli O157:H7 to commonly used antibiotics. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to July 2021 to estimate prevalence and identify associated factors of E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 and to determine antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli O157:H7 from foods of bovine origin in Dessie and Kombolcha towns. A total of 384 samples were collected. Systematic and simple random sampling techniques were employed for sampling carcasses and milking cows, respectively. E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 were detected according to recommended bacteriological protocols. E. coli O157:H7 strains were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility using agar disk diffusion method. Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were applied to analyze the data. Overall prevalence rates of E. coli and E. coli O157:H7 were 54.7% and 6.5%, respectively. Highest prevalence rates of E. coli (79.6%) and E. coli O157:H7 (16.7%) were obtained from carcass swabs and milk tank samples, respectively. Unlike E. coli O157:H7, a statistically significant difference in the E. coli prevalence (P<0.05) was observed among the different sample types. Multidrug resistance was observed among all isolates of E. coli O157:H7. All E. coli O157:H7 isolates (100.0%) were susceptible to Ampicillin, Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and Norfloxacin. On the contrary, all of the isolates (100%) were resistant to Penicillin G, Vancomycin, and Oxacillin. The current study indicated that different foods of bovine origin in the study area were unsafe for human consumption. Hence, good hygienic production methods should be employed to ensure the safety of foods of bovine origin.

show abstract

Microbiological Quality and Adulteration of Pasteurized and Raw Milk Marketed in Dharan, Nepal

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of E. coli O157:H7 Isolated from Foods of Bovine Origin in Dessie and Kombolcha Towns, Ethiopia

Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of E. coli O157:H7 Isolated from Foods of Bovine Origin in Dessie and Kombolcha Towns, Ethiopia

Evaluation of Total Coliform Counts in Non-Fermented and Fermented Cow Milk Products (Kindirmo, Mai-Shanu and Nono) in Zaria Metropolis, Nigeria

Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of E. coli O157:H7 isolated from foods of Bovine origin in Dessie and Kombolcha towns, Ethiopia

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