Microbial Virulence Factors

Leitão, Jorge H.

doi:10.3390/ijms21155320

Cited by 67 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…To obtain this, pathogens have developed the ability to produce many virulence determinants, some of which have been known and characterized widely for many years (toxins, lytic enzymes, siderophores, envelopes, etc. ), while the importance of other, more sophisticated strategies has been recently described [ 38 , 39 ]. Bacterial morphology affects the capacity to survive stressful environmental conditions, colonize specific niches within hosts or escape the immune system detection [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myricetin as an Antivirulence Compound Interfering with a Morphological Transformation into Coccoid Forms and Potentiating Activity of Antibiotics against Helicobacter pylori

Krzyżek

Migdał

Paluch

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Helicobacter pylori, a gastric pathogen associated with a broad range of stomach diseases, has a high tendency to become resistant to antibiotics. One of the most important factors related to therapeutic failures is its ability to change from a spiral to a coccoid form. Therefore, the main aim of our original article was to determine the influence of myricetin, a natural compound with an antivirulence action, on the morphological transformation of H. pylori and check the potential of myricetin to increase the activity of antibiotics against this pathogen. We observed that sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of this compound have the ability to slow down the process of transformation into coccoid forms and reduce biofilm formation of this bacterium. Using checkerboard assays, we noticed that the exposure of H. pylori to sub-MICs of myricetin enabled a 4–16-fold reduction in MICs of all classically used antibiotics (amoxicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline, metronidazole, and levofloxacin). Additionally, RT-qPCR studies of genes related to the H. pylori morphogenesis showed a decrease in their expression during exposure to myricetin. This inhibitory effect was more strongly seen for genes involved in the muropeptide monomers shortening (csd3, csd6, csd4, and amiA), suggesting their significant participation in the spiral-to-coccoid transition. To our knowledge, this is the first research showing the ability of any compound to synergistically interact with all five antibiotics against H. pylori and the first one showing the capacity of a natural substance to interfere with the morphological transition of H. pylori from spiral to coccoid forms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myricetin as an Antivirulence Compound Interfering with a Morphological Transformation into Coccoid Forms and Potentiating Activity of Antibiotics against Helicobacter pylori

Krzyżek

Migdał

Paluch

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Bacterial pathogens exhibit significant variation in their genomic content of virulence-related factors [ 51 ]. This reflects the richness of strategies evolved by pathogens to infect host organisms [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomic Analyses of Flavobacterium psychrophilum Isolates Reveals New Putative Genetic Determinants of Virulence Traits

et al. 2021

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The fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum is currently one of the main pathogenic bacteria hampering the productivity of salmonid farming worldwide. Although putative virulence determinants have been identified, the genetic basis for variation in virulence of F. psychrophilum is not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed whole-genome sequences of a collection of 25 F. psychrophilum isolates from Baltic Sea countries and compared genomic information with a previous determination of their virulence in juvenile rainbow trout. The results revealed a conserved population of F. psychrophilum that were consistently present across the Baltic Sea countries, with no clear association between genomic repertoire, phylogenomic, or gene distribution and virulence traits. However, analysis of the entire genome of four F. psychrophilum isolates by hybrid assembly provided an unprecedented resolution for discriminating even highly related isolates. The results showed that isolates with different virulence phenotypes harbored genetic variances on a number of consecutive leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins, repetitive motifs in gliding motility-associated protein, and the insertion of transposable elements into intergenic and genic regions. Thus, these findings provide novel insights into the genetic variation of these elements and their putative role in the modulation of F. psychrophilum virulence.

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“…Aeromonas hydrophila belongs to group of pathogenic bacteria with high virulence. The virulence level of the bacteria is determined by the ability of bacteria to produce enzymes and certain toxins it plays a role in the invasion and infection process (Leitão 2020). In the first step, the pathogen attaches to the fish scales and produces the chitinase enzyme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the susceptibility of the selected gourami (Osphronemus goramy) to Aeromonas hydrophila

2021

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Abstract. Febrianti R, Khasani I, Rosada KK. 2021. Assessing the susceptibility of the selected gourami (Osphronemus goramy) to Aeromonas hydrophila. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 111-120. A breeding program to improve the growth performance of the gourami fish was carried out through selection methods that produced faster growth gourami (selected population). The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of the selected gourami to Aeromonas hydrophila infection based on tolerance limits (LD50) and investigated clinical signs post-injection of the pathogenic bacteria. The challenge test by intramuscular injection of A. hydrophila was done to the fingerling fish (15-20 g) for 14 days post-infection. The population of the tested fish was obtained from six families, selected gourami (SP), and non-selected control (CP) groups. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as control and several doses of the pathogen, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, and 108 CFU/mL of A. hydrophila, were injected into the fish. Fish mortality and clinical signs were observed daily. The fish mortality was confirmed by isolating bacteria in the fish which showed clinical signs, followed by biochemical characterization of the isolated bacteria using API 20E and PCR. The LD50 of A. hydrophila to the selected population (9.70 × 105 CFU/mL) was higher than that of the control (6.50 × 104 CFU/mL). On the final day of the test, the accumulation mortality of CP (63.33±5.77%) higher than that in SP (33.33±5.77%). Based on the output test statistics, it was known that there was a significant difference between the mortality and clinical signs of SP and CP. The data suggested that the selected gourami were more resistant to A. hydrophila infection than that of the control. The A. hydrophila infection caused most of the major clinical signs, including mass mortality of the fish. The biochemical and PCR test ensure that fish mortality was caused by A. hydrophila infection.

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Microbial Virulence Factors

Abstract: Microbial virulence factors encompass a wide range of molecules produced by pathogenic microorganisms, enhancing their ability to evade their host defenses and cause disease [...]

Cited by 67 publications

References 20 publications

Myricetin as an Antivirulence Compound Interfering with a Morphological Transformation into Coccoid Forms and Potentiating Activity of Antibiotics against Helicobacter pylori

Myricetin as an Antivirulence Compound Interfering with a Morphological Transformation into Coccoid Forms and Potentiating Activity of Antibiotics against Helicobacter pylori

Comparative Genomic Analyses of Flavobacterium psychrophilum Isolates Reveals New Putative Genetic Determinants of Virulence Traits

Assessing the susceptibility of the selected gourami (Osphronemus goramy) to Aeromonas hydrophila

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