Microbial transformation of thiocyanate

Paruchuri, Y.L.; Shivaraman, N.; Kumaran, P.

doi:10.1016/0269-7491(90)90011-z

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The observed yield coefficients derived from the VSS and thiocyanate data of reactors III and IV were 0.24 and 0.27 mg biomass/mg SCN − , respectively. These values are much higher than those estimated based on bioenergetics (i.e., 0.087 mg biomass/mg SCN − ) and the value of 0.1 mg biomass/mg SCN − reported by Paruchuri et al (1990) for a microbial consortium (mainly Pseudomonas and Bacillus species) obtained from a biological treatment plant receiving coal carbonization wastewater. Neufeld et al (1981) reported observed yield coefficient values equal to and less than 0.117 mg VSS/mg SCN − for retention times lower and higher than 28 days, respectively, using mixed cultures grown on thiocyanate.…”

Section: Initial Thiocyanate Utilization Ratescontrasting

confidence: 56%

Kinetics and modeling of autotrophic thiocyanate biodegradation

Hung

Pavlostathis

1999

Biotechnol. Bioeng.

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Section: Initial Thiocyanate Utilization Ratescontrasting

confidence: 56%

Kinetics and modeling of autotrophic thiocyanate biodegradation

Hung

Pavlostathis

1999

Biotechnol. Bioeng.

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“…The ability to utilize thiocyanate as an electron donor has recently been claimed for a newly described Paracoccus species, Paracoccus thiocyanatus (18), but it is difficult to analyze the evidence because no actual data for growth and oxidation kinetics were provided in the paper. The potential for active thiocyanate degradation has also been described for two bacterial consortia consisting of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species (3) and of Pseudomonas and Bacillus species (30). Both of these consortia were able to grow on thiocyanate mineral media at neutral pH values and produced sulfate, like the T. thioparus strains.…”

Section: Thiocyanate (N'cosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Thiocyanate Utilization under Highly Alkaline Conditions

Sorokin¹,

Tourova²,

Lysenko³

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

112

104

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Three kinds of alkaliphilic bacteria able to utilize thiocyanate (CNS ؊ ) at pH 10 were found in highly alkaline soda lake sediments and soda soils. The first group included obligate heterotrophs that utilized thiocyanate as a nitrogen source while growing at pH 10 with acetate as carbon and energy sources. Most of the heterotrophic strains were able to oxidize sulfide and thiosulfate to tetrathionate. The second group included obligately autotrophic sulfur-oxidizing alkaliphiles which utilized thiocyanate nitrogen during growth with thiosulfate as the energy source. Genetic analysis demonstrated that both the heterotrophic and autotrophic alkaliphiles that utilized thiocyanate as a nitrogen source were related to the previously described sulfur-oxidizing alkaliphiles belonging to the gamma subdivision of the division Proteobacteria (the Halomonas group for the heterotrophs and the genus Thioalkalivibrio for autotrophs). The third group included obligately autotrophic sulfur-oxidizing alkaliphilic bacteria able to utilize thiocyanate as a sole source of energy. These bacteria could be enriched on mineral medium with thiocyanate at pH 10. Growth with thiocyanate was usually much slower than growth with thiosulfate, although the biomass yield on thiocyanate was higher. Of the four strains isolated, the three vibrio-shaped strains were genetically closely related to the previously described sulfur-oxidizing alkaliphiles belonging to the genus Thioalkalivibrio. The rod-shaped isolate differed from the other isolates by its ability to accumulate large amounts of elemental sulfur inside its cells and by its ability to oxidize carbon disulfide. Despite its low DNA homology with and substantial phenotypic differences from the vibrio-shaped strains, this isolate also belonged to the genus Thioalkalivibrio according to a phylogenetic analysis. The heterotrophic and autotrophic alkaliphiles that grew with thiocyanate as an N source possessed a relatively high level of cyanase activity which converted cyanate (CNO ؊ ) to ammonia and CO 2 . On the other hand, cyanase activity either was absent or was present at very low levels in the autotrophic strains grown on thiocyanate as the sole energy and N source. As a result, large amounts of cyanate were found to accumulate in the media during utilization of thiocyanate at pH 10 in batch and thiocyanate-limited continuous cultures. This is a first direct proof of a "cyanate pathway" in pure cultures of thiocyanate-degrading bacteria. Since it is relatively stable under alkaline conditions, cyanate is likely to play a role as an N buffer that keeps the alkaliphilic bacteria safe from inhibition by free ammonia, which otherwise would reach toxic levels during dissimilatory degradation of thiocyanate.

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“…The biochemistry of thiocyanate ion has not been as extensively explored. The largest concentrations of thiocyanate (300-1000 mg/1) occur in waste waters generated from coal gasification and coking facilities which also contain high concentrations of cyanide, sulphide and phenol (Paruchuri et al 1990). Under oxidizing conditions, the action of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidases serves only to oxidize the sulfur to sulfate and regenerate cyanide in a thiocyanate/cyanide cycle (Wood 1975).…”

Section: Use In Treatment Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbial utilization of thiocyanate has been reported for Thiobacillus, Arthrobacter, and Pseudomonas species (Paruchuri et al 1990). Several strains can grow on the ion as a source of energy and nitrogen.…”

Section: 2o~ ÷ Son-so-÷ On ÷ ~2o (5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbes and microbial enzymes for cyanide degradation

Raybuck

1992

Biodegradation

115

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Cyanide is an important industrial chemical produced on a grand scale each year. Although extremely toxic to mammalian life, cyanide is a natural product generated by fungi and bacteria, and as a result microbial systems have evolved for the degradation of cyanide to less toxic compounds. The enzymes which utilize cyanide as a substrate can be categorized into the following reaction types: substitution/addition, hydrolysis, oxidation, and reduction. Each of these categories is reviewed with respect to the known biochemistry and feasibility for use in treatment of cyanide containing wastes.

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Microbial transformation of thiocyanate

Cited by 40 publications

References 9 publications

Kinetics and modeling of autotrophic thiocyanate biodegradation

Kinetics and modeling of autotrophic thiocyanate biodegradation

Microbial Thiocyanate Utilization under Highly Alkaline Conditions

Microbes and microbial enzymes for cyanide degradation

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