Microbes and microbial enzymes for cyanide degradation

Raybuck, Scott A.

doi:10.1007/bf00189632

Cited by 115 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Such a treatment is needed, as cyanide is toxic and used in large amounts in the metal-plating, pharmaceutical, and agricultural-chemical industries. The biological treatment of cyanide may be cheaper and more environmentally acceptable than chemical methods such as alkaline chlorination, ozonization, and wet-air oxidation (100,275). Whole cells of strain AK61 degraded cyanide rapidly in a 1 mM solution containing no organic substances.…”

Section: Biodegradation and Useful Properties For Biotechnological Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of Pseudomonas stutzeri

Lalucat

Bennasar

Bosch

et al. 2006

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

547

418

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SUMMARY Pseudomonas stutzeri is a nonfluorescent denitrifying bacterium widely distributed in the environment, and it has also been isolated as an opportunistic pathogen from humans. Over the past 15 years, much progress has been made in elucidating the taxonomy of this diverse taxonomical group, demonstrating the clonality of its populations. The species has received much attention because of its particular metabolic properties: it has been proposed as a model organism for denitrification studies; many strains have natural transformation properties, making it relevant for study of the transfer of genes in the environment; several strains are able to fix dinitrogen; and others participate in the degradation of pollutants or interact with toxic metals. This review considers the history of the discovery, nomenclatural changes, and early studies, together with the relevant biological and ecological properties, of P. stutzeri.

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Section: Biodegradation and Useful Properties For Biotechnological Apmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of Pseudomonas stutzeri

Lalucat

Bennasar

Bosch

et al. 2006

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

547

418

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“…Once more, and from the applicability point of view, P. pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 seems to be superior to other cyanotrophic strains so far described because it can assimilate cyanide in the presence of ammonium or nitrate. The enzymatic reactions for cyanide degradation can be categorized into four types: substitution/addition, hydrolysis, oxidation, and reduction (38). The hydrolytic pathways can be of two types; in one, ammonium forms directly by the addition of two molecules of water, whereas in the second, water is added sequentially with formamide as the intermediate.…”

Section: Vol 71 2005mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To summarize, the biological assimilation of cyanide needs, at minimum, the concurrence of three separate processes, i.e., a cyanide resistance mechanism, a system for metal acquisition, and a cyanide assimilation pathway. Although all of these factors in conjunction with one another have never been taken into account, a number of microorganisms that are able to degrade cyanide and its metal complexes have been described to date (6,12,20,22,38).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In addition, since cyanide is known to react chemically with some keto groups (the Kiliani reaction), the use of glucose or similar C sources should be avoided. Previous works have reported microbial degradation of cyanide at neutral or acidic conditions (6,38,46). Strains adapted to survive in the presence of cyanide at alkaline pH but unable to degrade it have also been described (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Degradation of Cyanide and Its Metal Complexes under Alkaline Conditions

Luque-Almagro

Huertas

Martı́nez-Luque

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

129

114

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A bacterial strain able to use cyanide as the sole nitrogen source under alkaline conditions has been isolated. The bacterium was classified as Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes by comparison of its 16S RNA gene sequence to those of existing strains and deposited in the Colección Española de Cultivos Tipo (Spanish Type Culture Collection) as strain CECT5344. Cyanide consumption is an assimilative process, since (i) bacterial growth was concomitant and proportional to cyanide degradation and (ii) the bacterium stoichiometrically converted cyanide into ammonium in the presence of L-methionine-D,L-sulfoximine, a glutamine synthetase inhibitor. The bacterium was able to grow in alkaline media, up to an initial pH of 11.5, and tolerated free cyanide in concentrations of up to 30 mM, which makes it a good candidate for the biological treatment of cyanidecontaminated residues. Both acetate and D,L-malate were suitable carbon sources for cyanotrophic growth, but no growth was detected in media with cyanide as the sole carbon source. In addition to cyanide, P. pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 used other nitrogen sources, namely ammonium, nitrate, cyanate, cyanoacetamide, nitroferricyanide (nitroprusside), and a variety of cyanide-metal complexes. Cyanide and ammonium were assimilated simultaneously, whereas cyanide strongly inhibited nitrate and nitrite assimilation. Cyanase activity was induced during growth with cyanide or cyanate, but not with ammonium or nitrate as the nitrogen source. This result suggests that cyanate could be an intermediate in the cyanide degradation pathway, but alternative routes cannot be excluded.

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“…The literature is dominated by studies on cyanide microbial degradation under acidic or neutral conditions [22][23][24]. Under these conditions, cyanide is converted to hydrocyanic acid, a weak acid with pKa = 9.2, which causes serious problems, and hence there is a great interest in biological treatment of cyanide compounds under alkaline conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%