Microbial Sensing and Regulation of Mucosal Immune Responses by Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Rescigno, María

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00028-8

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 196 publications

(237 reference statements)

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“…Probiotics, in particular bacteria, have beneficial effects in their hosts, such as balancing intestinal flora, preventing the binding of pathogenic bacteria to the intestinal mucosal wall, increasing the specific and non-specific immune response, suppressing inflammation, reducing the occurrence of cancer (by producing enzymes, inducing apoptosis, and controlling the toxicity of carcinogens), and preventing/treating diarrhea. Certain probiotics also have anticarcinogenic activity by regulating the homeostasis of the intestine epithelial cells and immune response [8,9]. Studies on germ-free animals have shown that these microorganisms play an important role in the development and maturation of the central nervous system (CNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS) and also affect brain function [10].…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigating the Influence of Probiotic Bacteria on Anemia and White Blood Cells Count in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy

Maghvan¹,

Jafari²,

Anushiravani³

2022

Multidiscip Cancer Investig

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Introduction: Introduction: Probiotics are live microorganisms that are applied as drugs or food supplements and help to maintain healthy beneficial microbial balance in the digestive tract of a human or another host. Probiotics may help strengthen homeostasis and thus reduce side effects; associated with cancer treatment. Experimental evidence suggests that probiotics might have a beneficial effect on the toxicity of anticancer therapy. Methods: In this study, the double-blind clinical trial was used to collect information and data. Eligible participants were randomly divided into two experimental groups (probiotic) and a control group (placebo). At the start of the study, during a meeting for all participants in the study, the benefits and importance of integrity and their collaboration were described. Subjects received one gram of probiotic or placebo for 60 days, along with information on the time and how to use it. Also, all participants avoided the use of yogurt and any supplementary probiotic products during the study period to avoid any inaccuracy in evaluating the involved factors. At the end of 60 days, the blood samples of the subjects were examined. The number of white blood cells (WBCs), blood hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were measured and analyzed. People who did not follow the instructions for any reason were excluded from the study. Results: The effect of probiotics on reducing the complications of chemotherapy in patients with gastrointestinal cancer was studied. The statistical results did not show much difference in the increase of these factors before and after the administration of the drug but clinical examination of these factors showed that probiotics can increase blood factors. Probiotics may have a positive effect on the increase in blood factors level (MCH, MCV, HCT, HGB, WBC) by increasing the duration of receiving probiotics. Conclusions: In this research, the effects of probiotics on the increase of blood factors were investigated for the first time. Although statistical analysis of the results showed that probiotics did not affect the increase of these factors, clinical examination of the results showed that probiotics can increase blood factors. Therefore, by changing the appropriate dose, time, and diet, the duration of probiotics may positively affect the level of blood factors (MCH, MCV, HCT, HGB, and WBC) and improve the living conditions in these patients.

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confidence: 99%

Investigating the Influence of Probiotic Bacteria on Anemia and White Blood Cells Count in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy

Maghvan¹,

Jafari²,

Anushiravani³

2022

Multidiscip Cancer Investig

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Mucosal Surfaces: Immunological Protection

Wohlfert

Russell

2016

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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The mucosal surfaces of the body are protected against pathogens and other environmental antigens by the mucosal immune system. This is functionally separate from the circulatory immune system, and represents by far the largest part of the entire immune system. Components include innate and adaptive immune cells and molecules. Specific T and B cells induced by antigens in the major immune inductive sites located in the gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tract are programmed to relocate in remote mucosal effector sites where secretory IgA antibodies and effector T cells are generated. Regulatory mechanisms including regulatory T cells and cytokines maintain a hypo‐responsive, non‐inflammatory state that prevents over‐reaction to the large mass of antigenic material consisting of food and other environmental antigens as well as the commensal microbiota. However, the mucosal immune system can respond vigorously with localised and disseminated responses when stimulated by aggressive pathogens. Key Concepts The mucosal immune system protects the large surface areas of the oro‐gastrointestinal, respiratory and genital tracts, the conjunctivae, their associated glands and the mammary glands. The mucosal immune system discriminates between pathogens that elicit a vigorous response, commensals that are regulated but not eliminated and harmless antigens such as food components that are tolerated. Innate components of mucosal immunity include physicochemical barriers such as mucus and low pH, and an array of antimicrobial molecules and cells that defend the mucosae against pathogenic attack and initiate recognition by the adaptive immune system. Adaptive components of mucosal immunity include locally produced secretory IgA antibodies, and both effector and regulatory T cells. Mucosal immune inductive sites such as intestinal Peyer's patches and other mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissues take up luminal antigens and disseminate induced, antigen‐specific T and B cells to remote effector sites in the ‘common’ mucosal immune system. Dendritic cells and other antigen‐presenting cells are located within the mucosal immune inductive sites and in the lamina propria underlying the epithelium. Mucosal trafficking of antigen‐induced T and B cells is determined by a set of vascular addressins, mucosal chemokines and receptors imprinted on lymphocytes during their induction. Mucosal epithelial cells have an integral role in antigen recognition and uptake, interaction with the cells of the immune system and delivery of the cells and molecules involved in immune defence. Innate defence cells including mast cells, macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils are recruited to the mucosae, and display phenotypic profiles distinct from equivalent cells in systemic locations or the circulation.

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Microbial Sensing and Regulation of Mucosal Immune Responses by Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Cited by 2 publications

References 196 publications

Investigating the Influence of Probiotic Bacteria on Anemia and White Blood Cells Count in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy

Investigating the Influence of Probiotic Bacteria on Anemia and White Blood Cells Count in Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy

Mucosal Surfaces: Immunological Protection

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