Microbial Production of Vitamin B12

Spalla, C.; Grein, A.; Garofano, Luisa; Ferni, G.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1111-6_15

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The cyano group of vitamin B 12 is the result of the method used for the isolation of Cbl (Veer et al 1950; Wijmenga et al 1950; Spalla et al 1989). …”

Section: Formation Of the Co-c Bond; The Corrinoid Adenosylation Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple roles of ATP:cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferases in the conversion of B12 to coenzyme B12

Mera

Escalante‐Semerena

2010

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Our mechanistic understanding of the conversion of vitamin B12 into coenzyme B12 (a.k.a. adenosylcobalamin, AdoCbl) has been substantially advanced in recent years. Insights into the multiple roles played by ATP:Cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase (ACA) enzymes have emerged through the crystallographic, spectroscopic, biochemical, and mutational analyses of wild-type and variant proteins. ACA enzymes circumvent the thermodynamic barrier posed by the very low redox potential associated with the reduction of cob(II)alamin to cob(I)alamin by generating a unique four-coordinate cob(II)alamin intermediate that is readily converted to cob(I)alamin by physiological reductants. ACA enzymes not only synthesize AdoCbl, they deliver it to the enzymes that use it, and, in some cases, enzymes whose function is needed to maintain the fidelity of the AdoCbl delivery process have been identified. Advances in our understanding of ACA enzyme function have provided valuable insights into the role of specific residues, and into why substitutions of these residues have profound negative effects on human health. From an applied science standpoint, a better understanding of the adenosylation reaction may lead to more efficient ways of synthesizing AdoCbl.

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“…The cyano group of vitamin B 12 is the result of the method used for the isolation of Cbl (Veer et al 1950; Wijmenga et al 1950; Spalla et al 1989). …”

Section: Formation Of the Co-c Bond; The Corrinoid Adenosylation Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple roles of ATP:cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferases in the conversion of B12 to coenzyme B12

Mera

Escalante‐Semerena

2010

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Propionibacterium freudenreichii can produce 206 mg l −1 although the major industrial organisms are Pseudomonas denitrificans and Propionibacterium shermanii. Conventional strain improvement has yielded P. denitrificans strains producing 150 mg l −1 ( Spalla et al. , 1989 ).…”

Section: Microbial Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic regulation and overproduction of primary metabolites

Sánchez

Demain

2008

Microbial Biotechnology

146

103

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SummaryOverproduction of microbial metabolites is related to developmental phases of microorganisms. Inducers, effectors, inhibitors and various signal molecules play a role in different types of overproduction. Biosynthesis of enzymes catalysing metabolic reactions in microbial cells is controlled by well‐known positive and negative mechanisms, e.g. induction, nutritional regulation (carbon or nitrogen source regulation), feedback regulation, etc. The microbial production of primary metabolites contributes significantly to the quality of life. Fermentative production of these compounds is still an important goal of modern biotechnology. Through fermentation, microorganisms growing on inexpensive carbon and nitrogen sources produce valuable products such as amino acids, nucleotides, organic acids and vitamins which can be added to food to enhance its flavour, or increase its nutritive values. The contribution of microorganisms goes well beyond the food and health industries with the renewed interest in solvent fermentations. Microorganisms have the potential to provide many petroleum‐derived products as well as the ethanol necessary for liquid fuel. Additional applications of primary metabolites lie in their impact as precursors of many pharmaceutical compounds. The roles of primary metabolites and the microbes which produce them will certainly increase in importance as time goes on. In the early years of fermentation processes, development of producing strains initially depended on classical strain breeding involving repeated random mutations, each followed by screening or selection. More recently, methods of molecular genetics have been used for the overproduction of primary metabolic products. The development of modern tools of molecular biology enabled more rational approaches for strain improvement. Techniques of transcriptome, proteome and metabolome analysis, as well as metabolic flux analysis. have recently been introduced in order to identify new and important target genes and to quantify metabolic activities necessary for further strain improvement.

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“…The culture is aerated during the whole fermentation process and maintained at 30 °C, pH 6-7 for 3-4 days [6]. Usually, the whole broth or an aqueous suspension of harvested cells is heated with cyanide or thiocyanate at 80-120 °C at pH 6.5-8.5 and the conversion to cyanocobalamin (vitamin B 12 ) is obtained [66]. After clarification of the whole solution, via e.g.…”

Section: Fermentation Of Cobalaminmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of tetrapyrrole compounds and vitamin B12 using genetically engineering of Propionibacterium freudenreichii. An overview

Murooka

Piao

Kiatpapan

et al. 2005

Lait

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-Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a commercially important bacterium that is used in the production of cheeses, cobalamin (vitamin B 12 ) and propionic acid. Metabolic engineering using genetically improved strains will make the fermentation process more economical and also enhance the quality of the products. Host-vector systems and expression vectors using strong promoters from P. freudenreichii were developed in propionibacteria. By using these expression vectors and amplification of various genes, productions of 5-aminolevulinic acid, tetrapyrrole compounds and vitamin B 12 were reported. Here, we review the advancement of genetic engineering in P. freudenreichii in recent years, covering the molecular aspects of the formation of tetrapyrrole compounds and vitamin B12.

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Microbial Production of Vitamin B12

Cited by 19 publications

References 89 publications

Multiple roles of ATP:cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferases in the conversion of B12 to coenzyme B12

Multiple roles of ATP:cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferases in the conversion of B12 to coenzyme B12

Metabolic regulation and overproduction of primary metabolites

Production of tetrapyrrole compounds and vitamin B12 using genetically engineering of Propionibacterium freudenreichii. An overview

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