Microbial osteolysis in an Early Pleistocene hominin (Paranthropus robustus) from Swartkrans, South Africa

Grine, Frederick E.; Bromage, Timothy G.; Daegling, David J.; Burr, David B.; Brain, C. K.

doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.05.004

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The extent of cementum loss has been evaluated using two histological indexes: one exclusively considering microbial action: the Oxford histological index modified (OHIm) originally developed for bone tissue by Hedges, Millard, and Pike (), adapted by Millard () and applied in numerous archeological publications (Booth, Chamberlain, & Pearson, ; Booth & Madgwick, ; Jans, Nielsen‐Marsh, Smith, Collins, & Kars, ; Smith et al, ), forensic anthropology (Jans, ), paleontology (Grine, Bromage, Daegling, Burr, & Brain, ), or experimental taphonomy (Kontopoulos, Nystrom, & White, ); the other considering microbial action and other types of physical and chemical alterations such as infiltrations or fractures: the general histological index modified (GHIm) originally developed for bone tissue by Hollund et al (). These modified indexes were assigned by the same operator and range from 0 to 5 as follow:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age at death estimation by cementochronology: Too precise to be true or too precise to be accurate?

Bertrand

Cunha

Bécart

et al. 2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: Cementochronology based on annual deposition of acellular cementum is acknowledged for its superior performance for estimating age-at-death but is also disregarded because of its suspicious effectiveness. This article aims to provide a standardized framework for the validation of the technique and to define and test cementochronology's performance and limitations. Materials and methods:To determine the boundaries of the cementum aging technique, we applied a certified protocol on a sample of 200 healthy canines from individuals of known age, sex, postmortem, and inhumation intervals from anthropological and anatomical collections. We scored readability and preservation of cementum and measured the agreement between estimates, i.e., the precision, and assessed the quality of the accordance between estimates and chronological age, i.e., the accuracy. To investigate the applicability on ancient material, 200 additional canines extracted from archeological assemblages were included. Accuracy and precision were analyzed for each age group in considering postmortem intervals and taphonomical conditions.Results: A strong correlation was found between chronological age and estimates (r = .927; p = .000) but results reveal an association between readability of incremental lines and chronological age (p < .05) and a notable difference in both precision and accuracy between individuals under and over 50 years. Results also demonstrate that taphonomy can be a serious obstacle increasing imprecision by a factor of three.Discussion: Improperly adopted, cementochronology can lead to precise but inaccurate estimations. If methodological, physiological, and taphonomical factors are taken into account, then, and only then, cementochronology will serve as a versatile and powerful tool for age-at-death estimation. K E Y W O R D Sage-at-death estimation, cementochronology, dental cementum, taphonomy

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age at death estimation by cementochronology: Too precise to be true or too precise to be accurate?

Bertrand

Cunha

Bécart

et al. 2019

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Second, at a microstructural level the Haversian canal is a lacuna that is obviously unmineralized (and in areas of high remodeling activity resorption spaces will also be encountered). This means that provided secondary bone can be visualized in fossils, estimates of in vivo mineralization can be made …”

Section: A Thought Experiments On Functional Inferencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that provided secondary bone can be visualized in fossils, estimates of in vivo mineralization can be made. [62][63][64] Osteonal density, then, is an inverse proxy for mineralization: fossils with more secondary bone have more compliant mandibles. Given this, Cercocebus atys would be correctly classified as having stiff (and thereby strong) bone material.…”

Section: A Thought Experiments On Functional Inferencementioning

confidence: 99%

Diet, feeding behavior, and jaw architecture of Taï monkeys: Congruence and chaos in the realm of functional morphology

McGraw

Daegling

2019

Evolutionary Anthropology

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We review feeding and mandibular anatomy in a community of West African monkeys. We use field observations, food material property data, and skeletal specimens from the Ivory Coast's Taï Forest to explore the factors that shape mandibular architecture in colobines and cercopithecines. Despite excellent geographic control across our sample, the fit between bone form (as conventionally described) and functional activity (as we perceive it) is not spectacular. We present a thought experiment to assess how well we could reconstruct diet in the Taï monkeys if we only had skeletons and teeth to study. This exercise indicated that we would be correct about half the time. Our analyses reinforce the notion that diet is anything but a monolithic variable and that better success at relating mandibular form to food must incorporate information on ingestive and processing behavior, geometric and material properties of foods, and both material and structural data on jaws themselves.

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“…; Bell and Elkerton ; Turner‐Walker and Jans ), and the focus of most such studies was to characterize the alterations induced by the micro‐organism in the bone tissue itself (Grine et al . ; Jans et al . ), but a few targeted the microbial communities present in/on the bone (Pitre et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring post‐excavation degradation potential of fungal communities associated with archaeological human remains

et al. 2018

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Fungal communities associated with three osteoarchaeological samples from distinct archaeological sites (Tărian, Turdaş, Feleacu) in Transylvania, Romania, characterized by similar environmental conditions (wet soils), different historical age and amount of time spent in storage, were examined in order to register site-versus storage-specific species. Physical anthropological taphonomic scoring was correlated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indices in order to characterize mineral and organic bone fraction fluctuations relative to historical age. Molecular-based species/genera identifications and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations were carried out for the confirmation of dominant taxonomic items.

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Microbial osteolysis in an Early Pleistocene hominin (Paranthropus robustus) from Swartkrans, South Africa

Cited by 10 publications

References 84 publications

Age at death estimation by cementochronology: Too precise to be true or too precise to be accurate?

Age at death estimation by cementochronology: Too precise to be true or too precise to be accurate?

Diet, feeding behavior, and jaw architecture of Taï monkeys: Congruence and chaos in the realm of functional morphology

Exploring post‐excavation degradation potential of fungal communities associated with archaeological human remains

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