Microbial ketonization of ginsenosides F1 and C–K by Lactobacillus brevis

Abstract

Ginsenosides are the major pharmacological components in ginseng. We isolated lactic acid bacteria from Kimchi to identify microbial modifications of ginsenosides. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain DCY65-1 belongs to the genus Lactobacillus and is most closely related to Lactobacillus brevis. On the basis of TLC and HPLC analysis, we found two metabolic pathways: F1 → 6α,12β-dihydroxydammar-3-one-20(S)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and C-K → 12β-hydroxydammar-3-one-20(S)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. These results suggest that strain DCY65-1 is capable of potent ketonic decarboxylation, ketonizing the hydroxyl group at C-3. The F1 metabolite had a more potent inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase than did the substrate. Therefore, the F1 and C-K derivatives may be more pharmacologically active compounds, which should be further characterized.

Biological and Cosmetical Importance of Fermented Raw Materials: An Overview

“…The ginsenoside content was not significantly different, whereas the content of ginsenoside metabolites was three times higher in FRG (14,914.3 μg/mL). The content of ginsenoside metabolites such as Rg3, Rg5, and Rk1; compounds K, Rh1, F2, and Rg2 [ 43 ]; and flavonoid content were increased as a result of fermentation. The activity of tyrosinase inhibitory (IC50) in the bioferment was 27.63 μg/mL and was also stronger than in RG (34.14 μg/mL).…”

Biological and Cosmetical Importance of Fermented Raw Materials: An Overview

“…The ginsenoside content was not significantly different, whereas the content of ginsenoside metabolites was three times higher in FRG (14,914.3 μg/mL). The content of ginsenoside metabolites, like Rg3, Rg5, Rk1, compounds: K, Rh1, F2, Rg2 [44], and flavonoid content were increased as a result of fermentation. The activity of tyrosinase inhibitory (IC50) in the bioferment was 27.63 μg/mL and was also stronger than in RG (34.14 μg/mL).…”

Anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenetic and antiviral activities of dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Panax notoginseng

“…Thus, compound 10 was assigned as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3β,12β,20(S)-trihydroxydammar-24-ene-20-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl, which was first isolated from the Vietnamese ginseng and named vina-ginsenoside R17. 12 The other known substances were identified as 3-oxo-20(S) ginsenoside-Rh1 (2), 13 2β-hydroxydammar-3-one-20(S)-O-β-Dglucopyranoside (3), 14 chikusetsusaponin Fk2 (4), 15 5,6-didehydroginsenoside Rb1 (5), 16 gypenoside LXXV (6), 17 chikusetsusaponin VI (7), 18 19 ginsenoside Rb1 (12), 10 ginsenoside Rh1 (13), 20 ginsenoside CK (14) 21 and ginsenoside Rd (15). 11 .…”