Microbial infection causes the appearance of hemocytes with extreme spreading ability in monolayers of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta

Dean, Paul; Richards, Elaine H.; Edwards, John; Reynolds, Stuart E.; Charnley, Keith

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2003.11.006

Cited by 46 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Differential expression of antimicrobial peptide transcripts has been recorded previously when Drosophila was subjected to infection with various microbes [10]. In terms of the cellular immune response, recent work has highlighted the appearance of a super-spreading haemocyte after microbial challenge of Manduca sexta but not following wounding [29]. These findings indicate that insects can modulate their immune responses depending upon the nature of the microbial challenge or physical stress (shaking, wounding).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Further work to elucidate the pathways controlling the differential response of insects to microbial and physical challenge is warranted as it may give insights into the complexity of the regulation governing the insect immune response. It is evident that this differential response is mediated through variations in the cellular [29] and humoral [10] components of the insect immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical stress primes the immune response of Galleria mellonella larvae to infection by Candida albicans

Mowlds

Barron

Kavanagh

2008

Microbes and Infection

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Larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) that had been subjected to physical stress by shaking in cupped hands for 2 min showed reduced susceptibility to infection by Candida albicans when infected 24 h after the stress event. Physically stressed larvae demonstrated an increase in haemocyte density and elevated mRNA levels of galiomicin and an inducible metalloproteinase inhibitor (IMPI ) but not transferrin or gallerimycin. In contrast, previous work has demonstrated that microbial priming of larvae resulted in the induction of all four genes. Examination of the expression of proteins in the insect haemolymph using 2D electrophoresis and MALDI TOF analysis revealed an increase in the intensity of a number of peptides showing some similarities with proteins associated with the insect immune response to infection. This study demonstrates that non-lethal physical stress primes the immune response of G. mellonella and this is mediated by elevated haemocyte numbers, increased mRNA levels of genes coding for two antimicrobial peptides and the appearance of novel peptides in the haemolymph. This work demonstrates that physical priming increases the insect immune response but the mechanism of this priming is different to that induced by low level exposure to microbial pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical stress primes the immune response of Galleria mellonella larvae to infection by Candida albicans

Mowlds

Barron

Kavanagh

2008

Microbes and Infection

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“…Microbial surfaces and non-microbial and abiotic surfaces (plastic and glass) are recognized as non-self by the insect innate immune system and are encapsulated by the haemocytes. Consistently, the spreading degree of insect haemocytes on a glass surface is often used as a measure of immune fitness (Davies and Preston 1985;Dean et al 2004). We have recently characterized haemocytes of A. mellifera that respond to foreign surfaces in vitro (Negri et al , 2014a.…”

Section: Spreading Of Haemocytes Over Glass Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Abscisic acid enhances the immune response in Apis mellifera and contributes to the colony fitness

et al. 2015

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-The primary food of adult honey bees (Apis mellifera ) is honey prepared by bees from nectar, provided by plants in order to stimulate the bee's pollination service. Nectar consists of carbohydrates, amino acids and water, as well as other minor compounds whose proportion varies among plant species and whose biological implications in the honey bee physiology require intense research. Several environmental stressors are causing the decline of bee colonies, and thereby, we tried to connect the nutritional quality of bee's diet with the strength of the bee's immune system. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is present in nectar, honey and adult honey bees. It has been demonstrated that ABA stimulates innate immune defences in animal cells. However, the influence of ABA on A. mellifera 's health and fitness is unknown. Here, we show that honey bees fed with an ABA supplement in field experiments resulted in (i) the appearance of ABA in larvae and adult bees, (ii) enhanced haemocyte response to non-self recognition, (iii) improved wound healing and granulocyte and plasmatocyte activation and (iv) maximum adult bee population after the winter and increased pesticide tolerance. The results indicate that the naturally occurring compound ABA has a positive influence in honey bee immunity. ABA emerges as a potent booster of immune defence in A. mellifera and may be useful in addressing the colony losses threatening apiculture and pollination service worldwide.Apis mellifera / abscisic acid / immune aptitude

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“…However, it is necessary to recall that lamellocyte fate is a cryptic fate in D. melanogaster. Another case of cryptic hemocyte fate has been described in the tobacco hornwporm Manducta sexta, that is only revealed following infection (Dean, 2004) and shares morphological properties with Drosophila lamellocytes, suggesting that they may be functionally equivalent cells. It is also interesting to recall that the ability to differenciate lamellocytes in response to an immune challenge is not shared by all Drosophila species.…”

Section: B C Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of the Drosophila larval hematopoietic organ, hemocyte homeostasis and the dedicated cellular immune response to parasitism

Krzemień

Crozatier²,

Víncent³

2010

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Over the years, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has become a major invertebrate model to study developmental and evolutionary aspects of both humoral and cellular aspects of innate immunity. Drosophila hematopoiesis which supplies three types of circulating hemocytes, occurs in two spatially and temporally distinct phases during development. The first embryonic phase is described in detail in accompanying reviews in this Int. J. Dev. Biol. Special Issue. The second phase takes place at the end of larval development in a specialised hematopoietic organ, termed the lymph gland. We review here recent studies on the ontogeny of the lymph gland, focusing on the formation and role of the Posterior Signalling Center which acts as a niche for hematopoietic progenitors. We then report recent progress in understanding the dedicated cellular immune response of Drosophila larvae against parasitization by Hymenopterae, a common threat for many Dipterae. This response involves the differentiation of lamellocytes, a cryptic cell fate, revealing the high degree of plasticity of Drosophila hematopoiesis. We end up by integrating studies in Drosophila within a more general picture of insect hematopoiesis and hemocyte homeostasis.

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Microbial infection causes the appearance of hemocytes with extreme spreading ability in monolayers of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta

Cited by 46 publications

References 21 publications

Physical stress primes the immune response of Galleria mellonella larvae to infection by Candida albicans

Physical stress primes the immune response of Galleria mellonella larvae to infection by Candida albicans

Abscisic acid enhances the immune response in Apis mellifera and contributes to the colony fitness

Ontogeny of the Drosophila larval hematopoietic organ, hemocyte homeostasis and the dedicated cellular immune response to parasitism

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