Microbial ecology of the rumen evaluated by 454 GS FLX pyrosequencing is affected by starch and oil supplementation of diets

Abstract

To provide a comprehensive examination of the bacterial diversity in the rumen content of cows fed different diets, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing was used. Four rumen fistulated nonlactating Holstein cows received 12 kg of dry matter per day of four diets based on maize silage during four periods: the low-starch diet (22% starch, 3% fat); the high-starch diet, supplemented with wheat plus barley (35% starch, 3% fat); the low-starch plus oil diet, supplemented with 5% of sunflower oil (20% starch, 7.6% fat) and the high-starch plus oil diet (33% starch, 7.3% fat). Samples were taken after 12 days of adaptation, 5 h postfeeding. Whatever the diet, bacterial community of sieved rumen contents was dominated by Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Rikenellaceae families were highly present and were clearly affected by cow diet. The highest abundance of Prevotellaceae and the lowest abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Rikenellaceae were found with the high-starch plus oil diet. Dietary starch increased the relative abundance of only three genera: Barnesiella, Oribacterium and Olsenella, but decreased the relative abundances of several genera, with very significant effects for Rikenellaceae_RC9 and Butyrivibrio-Pseudobutyrivibrio. Oil alone had a limited effect, but interestingly, starch plus oil addition differently affected the bacterial populations compared to starch addition without oil.

Programming rumen bacterial communities in newborn Merino lambs

“…This microbiome modification can be large, as it affects OTUs from 29 families, including the seven most abundant rumen bacterial families that together explain 90% of the total bacteria found in this study. These findings are in agreement with those reported previously Liu et al, 2011;Patra and Yu, 2013;Zened et al, 2013). Kongmun et al (2011) found that the relative presence of Fibrobacter succinogenes can be decreased by including 7% of coconut oil in the diet of buffalos, while Liu et al (2011) also reported reduced F. succinogenes in the rumen of sheep eating a concentrate diet when 2.5% of coconut oil was included.…”

“…Furthermore, Patra and Yu (2013) in an in vitro study reported that CO decreased the presence of F. succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Zened et al (2013), including sunflower oil in low-or high-starch diets of dairy cows reported that oil positively affected the presence of two unclassified taxa (Firmicutes; unclassified and Clostridiales; unclassified), while the response of Prevotella abundance to oil addition depended on the level of starch of the diet. In our study relative abundance of OTUs belonging to Veillonellaceae and Prevotellaceae decreased while OTUs of Lachnospiraceae, Bacteroidales unclassified, Clostridiales unclassified, Ruminococcaceae, and F16 families increased in abundance after the inclusion of CO in the diet of maternal ewes.…”

Analysis of the rumen bacteria and methanogenic archaea of yak (Bos grunniens) steers grazing on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

“…In the present study, the microbial community of the yak rumen was predominated by phyla Bacteroidetes (59.06%) and Firmicutes (25.81%); such microbial distribution of the major phyla was similar to the rumen bacterial community structure of yaks in Sichuan (Chen et al, 2015) and other ruminants from the genus Bos (Jami and Mizrahi, 2012;Lee et al, 2012;Wu et al, 2012;Zened et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2014;Lin et al, 2015). However, some other studies had different reports.…”

Linseed oil supplementation to dairy cows fed diets based on red clover silage or corn silage: Effects on methane production, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, N balance, and milk production

“…Feeding CS-based diets induced an acidic rumen environment, which might have inhibited certain fibrolytic bacteria. Under conditions of feeding concentratebased diets, the abundance fibrolytic bacteria of the Ruminococcaceae, Butyrivibrio, and Fibrobacter were reduced (Bekele et al, 2010;Fernando et al, 2010;Zened et al, 2013a). Additionally, supplementing CSbased diet with 5.5% fat from crushed linseed reduced Fibrobacter succinogenes and protozoa populations, which play an important role in fiber degradation (Ivan et al, 2013).…”