Microbial Degradation of Microcystins

Dziga, Dariusz; Wasylewski, Marcin; Władyka, Benedykt; Nybom, Sonja; Meriluoto, Jussi

doi:10.1021/tx4000045

Cited by 121 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(218 reference statements)

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“…the sum of particulate and water soluble fractions, rapidly decreased by more than 90 % in \3 days (Matthijs et al 2012). The latter observations on rapid MC degradation are supported by reports on microbial degradation of MC (Lawton et al 2011;Dziga et al 2013) and hydroxyl radical catalysed processing of microcystin (Huo et al 2015).…”

Section: Considerations About Hp Applicationsupporting

confidence: 68%

Existing and emerging cyanocidal compounds: new perspectives for cyanobacterial bloom mitigation

et al. 2016

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To help ban the use of general toxic algicides, research efforts are now directed towards the discovery of compounds that are specifically acting as cyanocides. Here, we review the past and look forward into the future, where the less desirable general algicides like copper sulphate, diuron or endothall may become replaced by compounds that show better specificity for cyanobacteria and are biodegradable or transform into non-toxic products after application. For a range of products, we review the activity, the mode of action, effectiveness, durability, toxicity towards non-target species, plus costs involved, and discuss the experience with and prospects for small water volume interventions up to the mitigation of entire lakes; we arrive at recommendations for a series of natural products and extracted organic compounds or derived synthetic homologues with promising cyanocidal properties, and briefly mention emerging nanoparticle applications. Finally, we detail on the recently introduced application of hydrogen peroxide for the selective killing of cyanobacteria in freshwater lakes.

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Section: Considerations About Hp Applicationsupporting

confidence: 68%

Existing and emerging cyanocidal compounds: new perspectives for cyanobacterial bloom mitigation

et al. 2016

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“…[51]. The absence of the entire genomic sequence of the mlrA gene from a MC-LR degrading bacterial strain raises the issue of whether the microcystin's degradation is encoded within a mobile gene [37,40]. A mlrA active site was thus proposed, with a probability of it being a zinc-binding motif (HEXXH) found in metalloproteases [37,72].…”

Section: Biomolecular Aspect Of Mc-lr Degradation In Hlpl Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A mlrA active site was thus proposed, with a probability of it being a zinc-binding motif (HEXXH) found in metalloproteases [37,72]. CAAX type II amino-terminal protease belongs to the CPBP (CAAX Proteases and Bacteriocin Processing enzymes) enzymes family, and might encode for a microcystinase function to that endoprotease [36,40,73]. CAAX type II amino-terminal protease enzymes are 27%-35% similar to mlrA [35,36,57].…”

Section: Biomolecular Aspect Of Mc-lr Degradation In Hlpl Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beside the mlr gene cluster, MC-LR degradation in the environment by bacteria has been reported to follow two other pathways, the Gluthathione-S-Tranferase (GST) found in many bacteria [68][69][70], and the CAAX type II amino-terminal protease found in Bacillus spp. [35,37,40]. Mou et al [38] reported a xenobiotic metabolism in the MC-LR degradation pathway under a bacterioplankton microcosm with an important MC-LR removal of up to 75% within 24 h at room temperature.…”

Section: Biomolecular Aspect Of Mc-lr Degradation In Hlpl Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…endoprotease [36,40,73]. CAAX type II amino-terminal protease enzymes are 27%-35% similar to mlrA [35,36,57].…”

Section: Biomolecular Aspect Of Mc-lr Degradation In Hlpl Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microcystin-LR Biodegradation by Bacillus sp.: Reaction Rates and Possible Genes Involved in the Degradation

Kansole

Lin

2016

Water

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Abstract:Harmful cyanobacteria blooms may deteriorate freshwater environments, leading to bad water quality that can adversely affect the health of humans, animals, and aquatic life. Many cyanobacteria can produce toxic metabolites, with Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) being the most commonly detected cyanotoxin in fresh water bodies. In this study, a MC-LR degrading Bacillus sp. strain was isolated from Hulupi Lake (HLPL), Taiwan and tested for its degradability of the cyanotoxin. The results showed that the degradation of Microcystin-LR by the isolated Bacillus sp. was temperature-dependent with an optimum MC-LR removal at 37 • C and a first order degradation constant rate for 0.22 day −1 . The degradation rate was also found to increase with decreasing MC-LR concentrations and increasing Bacillus sp. concentrations. Biomolecular monitoring of three types of genes (mlrA, CAAX, and GST) involved in the degradation indicated that mlrA, and CAAX genes were present in the indigenous bacteria in HLPL water samples. However, for the isolated Bacillus sp. strain, only CAAX genes were detected. The absence of the mlrA gene in the isolated Bacillus sp. strain shows that the degradation of MC-LR does not necessarily follow the pathways with mlrA, and can also follow the pathways involved with CAAX type II amino-terminal protease.

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