Microbial community and short-chain fatty acid profile in gastrointestinal tract of goose

Abstract

Goose is an economically important herbivore waterfowl supplying nutritious meat and eggs, high-quality liver fat, and feathers. However, biogeograhpy of the gut microbiome of goose remains limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbiota inhabiting 7 different gastrointestinal locations (proventriculus, gizzard, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and rectum) of 180-day-old geese and the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) of their metabolites based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and gas chromatography, respectively. Consequently, 3,886,340 sequences were identified into 29 phyla and 359 genera. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the major phyla, in which Bacteroidetes (28%) and Fusobacteria (0.8%) in the cecum were significantly higher than those in other sections (∼4.4 and 0.1%, respectively). In addition, Cyanobacteria in the gizzard (4.9%) was significantly higher than those in other gut sections except the proventriculus (2.4%). At the genus level, Bacteroides was the most dominant group in the cecum at 23.7%, which was much more than those in the 6 other sections (less than 4.6%). Moreover, Faecalibacterium and Butyricicoccus were significantly high in the cecum (P < 0.05). Results of SCFA showed that acetic and butyric acids in the cecum were significantly higher than those in the 6 other sections (P < 0.05); this result was consistent with the high abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, and Butyricicoccus in the cecum. Additionally, isobutyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids were found only in the cecum. The different microbial compositions among the 7 gastrointestinal locations might be a cause and consequence of gut functional differences. All these results could offer some information for future study of the relationship between gastrointestinal microbiota and the ability of fiber utilization and adaptability.

Spatial heterogeneity of the shorebird gastrointestinal microbiome

“…For example, higher bacterial diversity and distinct microbial communities are found in the proventriculus and gizzard of Taihu geese (Anser cygnoides spp.) [32]. Contrary to our results, Canada geese (Branta canadensis) harboured a higher bacterial diversity in their lower than upper GIT [33].…”

Bacillus subtilis Strain DSM 29784 Modulates the Cecal Microbiome, Concentration of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Apparent Retention of Dietary Components in Shaver White Chickens during Grower, Developer, and Laying Phases

“…In agreement with results from previous studies in broilers (45), turkeys (46), geese (47), and laying hens (48), the present study revealed that the core phyla within the cecal microbiota, regardless of treatments and phases (grower, developer, and laying phase), were primarily Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Despite the lack of difference in the relative abundance of bacterial communities at the phylum level between treatments, distinct differences were evident at lower taxonomic levels, mainly at the genus level, despite their low relative abundance.…”

Polygonatum odoratum Polysaccharides Modulate Gut Microbiota and Mitigate Experimentally Induced Obesity in Rats

“…This process produces beneficial metabolites, most notably SCFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate). High SCFA levels are unfavorable to several potentially pathogenic bacteria [ 40 ] but promote the proliferation of Bacteroides , Ruminococcus , Lactobacillus , Prevotella , and Butyricicoccus [ 41 , 42 ]. Our results showed that POP upregulated isobutyric acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid in HFD + POP-fed rats, resulting in changes to Ruminococcus and Prevotella abundance.…”