Microbial Assessment of Raw Dromedary Camel Milk in Matrouh Governorate, Egypt

Ayuob, Elham S.; Amer, Amer; Keshta, Hany G.; Sedeek, Eman K.

doi:10.5455/ajvs.94753

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Ruminants are the main reservoirs of STEC. Milk is contaminated with it through mastitis, fecal matter, or contaminated milking utensils [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, antibiotic sensitivity profile, and phylogenetic analysis of Escherichia coli isolated from raw dromedary camel milk in Matrouh Governorate, Egypt

Saeed¹,

Amer²,

Keshta³

et al. 2022

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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Objective: Most people in Matrouh Governorate consume camel milk as a treatment for many diseases in a raw state to obtain nutritive value. Raw dromedary camel milk can be contaminated by Escherichia coli through fecal matter at any point of milk handling; therefore, it may lose its value and safety specifications. This survey aimed to estimate the incidence of E. coli in fresh camel milk. Materials and Methods: 100 fresh camel milk samples (50 from markets and 50 from farms) were randomly collected from different districts in Matrouh Governorate, Egypt, over 4 months for the detection of E. coli incidence through conventional bacterial isolation, molecular investigation, and gene sequencing. Results: The prevalence rates of E. coli in the examined market and farm raw camel milk based on conventional methods were 24% and 8%, respectively, while those by molecular identification using phoA as an E. coli determinate gene were 4% and 6%, respectively. Moreover, E. coli phoA gene phylogenetic analysis revealed high sequence similarity to E. coli strain CP033158.1 in India and E. coli strain CP047594.1 in China. Antibiotic sensitivity of E. coli isolates showed high susceptibility to norfloxacin (10 µg) and cefoperazone (75 µg). On the other hand, high resistance was found in rifamycin (30 µg) and cefoxitin (30 µg). Conclusion: The results indicate that market camel milk is more contaminated than the farms’ own. Additionally, antibiotic resistance is increasing due to antibiotic abuse.

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“…Ruminants are the main reservoirs of STEC. Milk is contaminated with it through mastitis, fecal matter, or contaminated milking utensils [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, antibiotic sensitivity profile, and phylogenetic analysis of Escherichia coli isolated from raw dromedary camel milk in Matrouh Governorate, Egypt

Saeed¹,

Amer²,

Keshta³

et al. 2022

J Adv Vet Anim Res

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“…Some microorganisms come from the udder of the milking camel, especially in cases with mastitis [91]. The most abundant pathogenic bacteria isolated from CM were Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, while Corynebacterium, Klebsiella, Listeria, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Serratia were found occasionally (Figure 2B) [86][87][88]92,93]. It has been reported that unsanitary methods of milking, the incorporation of raw milk in conventional dairy products, and a lack of hygiene during milk production fundamentally impact the growth, proliferation, and survival of Yersinia species in CM [94].…”

Section: Pathogenic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salmonella contamination of CM might be attributed to the farm environment, including water, feces, soil, and people [95]. The coliform load in CM ranged from less than 3 to 7 log CFU/mL with significant variations across milk samples from Ethiopia, Morocco, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Somalia [88,92,[96][97][98][99].…”

Section: Pathogenic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Camel Milk: Antimicrobial Agents, Fermented Products, and Shelf Life

Hamed,

Mbye,

Ayyash

et al. 2024

Foods

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The camel milk (CM) industry has witnessed a notable expansion in recent years. This expansion is primarily driven by the rising demand for CM and its fermented products. The perceived health and nutritional benefits of these products are mainly responsible for their increasing popularity. The composition of CM can vary significantly due to various factors, including the breed of the camel, its age, the stage of lactation, region, and season. CM contains several beneficial substances, including antimicrobial agents, such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, immunoglobulin G, lactoperoxidase, and N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, which protect it from contamination by spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, and contribute to its longer shelf life compared to bovine milk (BM). Nevertheless, certain harmful bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Escherichia coli, have been detected in CM, which is a significant public health concern. Therefore, it is crucial to understand and monitor the microbial profile of CM and follow good manufacturing practices to guarantee its safety and quality. This review article explores various aspects of CM, including the types of beneficial and harmful bacteria present in it, the composition of the milk, its antimicrobial properties, its shelf life, and the production of fermented CM products.

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