Microbial aetiology of acute diarrhoea in children under five years of age in Khartoum, Sudan

Saeed, Amir; Abd, Hadi; Sandström, Gunnar

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.000043

Cited by 99 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…For example, resistance to ampicillin has been found to range between 50%–90% among pathogenic E . coli[15–17], 28–50% in Salmonella spp. [17–19], and 50–93% in Shigella spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of multi-drug non-susceptibility in enteric bacteria isolated from Kenyan children with acute diarrhea

et al. 2017

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BackgroundReduced antimicrobial susceptibility threatens treatment efficacy in sub-Saharan Africa, where data on the burden and correlates of antibiotic resistance among enteric pathogens are limited.MethodsFecal samples from children aged 6 mos—15 yrs presenting with acute diarrhea in western Kenya were cultured for bacterial pathogens. HIV-uninfected children with identified Shigella or Salmonella species or pathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC, ETEC, EAEC or EIEC) were included in this cross-sectional sub-study. Non-susceptibility to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, and tetracycline was determined using MicroScan Walkaway40 Plus. Multivariable log-binomial regression was used to identify correlates of multi-drug non-susceptibility (MDNS, non-susceptibility to ≥ 3 of these antibiotics).ResultsOf 292 included children, median age was 22.5 mos. MDNS was identified in 62.5% of 318 isolates. Non-susceptibility to cotrimoxazole (92.8%), ampicillin (81.3%), and tetracycline (75.0%) was common. Young age (6–24 mos vs. 24–59 mos adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.519 [95% confidence interval: 1.19, 1.91]), maternal HIV (aPR = 1.29 [1.01, 1.66]); and acute malnutrition (aPR = 1.28 [1.06, 1.55]) were associated with higher prevalence of MDNS, as were open defecation (aPR = 2.25 [1.13, 4.50]), household crowding (aPR = 1.29 [1.08, 1.53]) and infrequent caregiver hand-washing (aPR = 1.50 [1.15, 1.95]).ConclusionsYoung age, HIV exposure, acute malnutrition and poor sanitation may increase risk of antibiotic non-susceptible enteric pathogen infections among children in Kenya.

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“…For example, resistance to ampicillin has been found to range between 50%–90% among pathogenic E . coli[15–17], 28–50% in Salmonella spp. [17–19], and 50–93% in Shigella spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of multi-drug non-susceptibility in enteric bacteria isolated from Kenyan children with acute diarrhea

et al. 2017

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“…Já, Macchioni et al, 24 em estudo realizado na área rural de Chaco, na Bolívia, relatam ter encontrado maior prevalência do parasita Giadia intestinalis. Saeed et al 25 realizaram uma pesquisa com crianças menores de 5 anos em Cartum, Sudão, encontrando 11% de crianças infectadas por Giardia intestinalis (25,9%).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

FREQUÊNCIA DE PARASITOSES INTESTINAIS: um estudo com crianças de uma creche de Santa Cruz do Sul - RS

Reuter¹,

Furtado

Silva

et al. 2015

Cinergis

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RESUMOAs infecções causadas por parasitoses intestinais apresentam ampla distribuição mundialmente, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento, sendo assim, um sério problema de saúde pública. Objetivo: verificar a frequência de parasitoses intestinais em crianças de uma creche de Santa Cruz do Sul, com idades entre 0 a 5 anos e meio, bem como caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e de moradia dos sujeitos. Método: estudo transversal, em que foram coletadas amostras fecais de 31 crianças. Estas amostras foram submetidas ao método de Hoffman, Pons e Janer. Para a avaliação do perfil sociodemográfico e condições de moradia, foi aplicado um questionário com os pais e/ou responsáveis dos sujeitos. Resultados: observa-se alta a positividade de parasitoses (32,3%), não apresentando diferença significativa entre o sexo masculino e feminino. Foram encontrados dois tipos de parasitos nas amostras, sendo o protozoário Giardia lamblia, o mais frequente (90,0%), seguido pelo helminto Ascaris lumbricoides (10,0%). De acordo com as características sociodemográficas e de moradia, observa-se que os pais dos sujeitos apresentam, em sua maioria, escolaridade baixa, moradia do tipo alvenaria (51,6%), rede pública de esgoto (58,1%) e sistema de abastecimento de água (80,6%). Apesar disso, é relevante destacar que muitos sujeitos não possuem condições adequadas de saneamento básico. Outro fator importante é o consumo de água para beber direto da torneira (74,2%), o solo, como local para brincadeiras das crianças, bem como o alto percentual de animais de estimação presentes nas residências dos sujeitos (74,2%). Considerações finais: torna-se fundamental a implementação de programas e estratégias de educação em saúde, objetivando a prevenção e minimização das parasitoses intestinais, engajando neste processo, órgãos governamentais, educadores, profissionais da área da saúde, pais e responsáveis, além da comunidade em geral.

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“…Dallal identified a frequency of 0.9% for Campylobacter strains in acute diarrhea among children younger than 5 years of age in south Tehran (19). Various studies have reported Campylobacter frequencies, such as 3.0% in Senegal, 8.4% in Uruguay, 9.6% in Egypt, 9.7% in Tanzania, 9.3% in Uganda, 10.5% in Romania, 11.0% in Sudan, 12.7% in Ethiopia, and 22.6% in Ghana (11,12,15,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Therefore, the average contribution of Campylobacter strains to AGE in children was about 9% in most studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Pediatric Campylobacter spp. Acute Gastroenteritis

Mazaheri

Rezaei

Aalinezhad

et al. 2016

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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Background: Although Campylobacter strains are one cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis, their clinical and laboratory findings have only been examined in a few studies. Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the frequency level as well as the clinical and laboratory findings of patients with acute gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter. Patients and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 419 Iranian children in Semnan city with acute gastroenteritis were assessed for their clinical and laboratory findings, including fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, dehydration, the presence of red blood cells and white blood cells (WBCs) in the stool, and leukocytosis. After being prepared for testing, a sample of the patient's stool was also examined for the presence of Campylobacter strains through microscopic examination, culture, and chemical reactions.Results: There were 36 positive cultures (8.6%) for Campylobacter, with frequencies of 6.4% and 10.3% for boys and girls, respectively (P = 0.16). The highest frequency of positive culture belonged to the age group over six years (P = 0.02). The most common findings associated with Campylobacter diarrhea included abdominal pain (77.8% vs.1 8.8%, P < 0.001), fever (80.6% vs. 20.4, P < 0.001), leukocytosis (72.2% vs. 45.7%, P = 0.002), and WBCs in the stool (63.9% vs. 23.8%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis, and WBCs in the stool were associated with gastroenteritis infection caused by Campylobacter.

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Microbial aetiology of acute diarrhoea in children under five years of age in Khartoum, Sudan

Cited by 99 publications

References 23 publications

Correlates of multi-drug non-susceptibility in enteric bacteria isolated from Kenyan children with acute diarrhea

Correlates of multi-drug non-susceptibility in enteric bacteria isolated from Kenyan children with acute diarrhea

FREQUÊNCIA DE PARASITOSES INTESTINAIS: um estudo com crianças de uma creche de Santa Cruz do Sul - RS

Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Pediatric Campylobacter spp. Acute Gastroenteritis

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