Microbes mediated host innate immune response in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

The Role of Immunity and Inflammation in IPF Pathogenesis

“…Their data showed that lung microbes with increased abundance and decreased community diversity were associated with decreased PBMC transcriptomic expression of immune pathways and shorter PFS. This study also provided data to support the idea that host-microbiome interactions might influence immune-mediated resident fibroblast responsiveness to TLR9 stimulation using CpG oligodeoxynucleotide [53].…”

“…Independent groups have shown associations among the lung microbiome and IPF [51][52][53][54]. Han and co-investigators had obtained BAL fluid from 55 subjects with moderately severe IPF in the prospectively recruited COMET-IPF study and, in a manner not pre-specified, carried out subsequent bacterial 16 ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing to characterise the microbiome, with IPF progression defined as a composite of deteriorating pulmonary function tests (relative decrease in FVC or DLCO of ≥10% or ≥15%, respectively), death, acute exacerbation or lung transplantation.…”

Mechanistic insight into the function of the microbiome in lung diseases

“…Longitudinal analysis revealed parallel gene expression changes between stable and progressive IPF patients; however, the magnitude of gene expression levels were found to depend on the nature of the disease [87]. HUANG et al [88] demonstrated that immune pathways in PBMCs can be down regulated by microbes, exhibiting increased abundance and decreased community diversity, that are associated with a poorer progression-free survival in those subjects. The outcomes of these studies may pave the path for biomarker development for prognosis and survival prediction in IPF patients.…”

The Respiratory Microbiome in Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Is Distinct from That of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

“…Changes in the respiratory microbiome have been associated with the clinical, physiological and therapeutic aspects of chronic lung diseases such as asthma, bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and IPF [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Studies of the respiratory microbiome in IPF have reported associations between changes in microbial communities, disease progression and mortality [16,17,19,20]. A higher bacterial burden has been reported during acute-exacerbations of IPF [21,22] and is consistently associated with an increased risk of mortality [16][17][18].…”