Microband electrodes fabricated by screen printing processes: Applications in electroanalysis

Craston, Derek H.; Jones, Christopher P.; Williams, David E.; Murr, Nabil El

doi:10.1016/0039-9140(91)80005-k

Cited by 96 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Since standard feature sizes available in screen-printing are about 50 m, which is too large for fabrication of efficient microelectrodes in lateral dimensions, the strategy of cross cutting has been developed [24] , which makes the thickness of the screen-printed pattern the critical dimension of the microband electrode. In this way ceramics have been used as the support for screen-printing of gold/platinum inks followed by perpendicular cutting with a diamond saw [24] . Also plastic support has been adopted [25] for scalpel cutting, which resulted in the development of a disposable high sensitivity biosensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrays of Screen‐Printed Graphite Microband Electrodes as a Versatile Electroanalysis Platform

et al. 2014

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Arrays of microband electrodes were developed by screen printing followed by cutting, which enabled the realization of microband arrays at the cut edge. Microband arrays of different designs were characterised with physical and electrochemical methods. In both cases the methods showed that the microband width was around 5 m. Semi-steady-state cyclic voltammetry responses were observed for redox probes.Chronocoulometric measurements showed the establishment of convergent diffusion regimes characterized by current densities similar to those of a single microelectrode.The analytical performance of the elaborated electrode system and its versatility were illustrated with two electrochemical assays: detection of ascorbic acid via direct oxidation and a mediated glucose biosensor fabricated via dip coating. Due to convergent mass transport both systems showed enhancement of the analytical characteristics. The developed approach can be adapted to automated electrode recovery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arrays of Screen‐Printed Graphite Microband Electrodes as a Versatile Electroanalysis Platform

et al. 2014

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“…Being the most noble of metals, gold is often the material of choice in the microfabrication area where thin films of the metal are deposited, eg for use in sensors (16,17), using slightly exotic techniques which may include a thermal pretreatment step. As pointed out recently (18) such deposits often display anomalous electrochemical responses, ie highly active surface metal atoms undergo oxidation at potentials well within the double layer region.…”

Section: Metastable States Of Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High energy states of goldand their importance in electrocatalytic processes at surfaces and interfaces

2002

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The ability of metals to store or trap considerable amounts of energy, and thus exist in a non-equilibrium or metastable state, is very well known in metallurgy; however, such behaviour, which is intimately connected with the defect character of metals, has been largely ignored in noble metal surface electrochemistry. Techniques for generating unusually high energy surface states for gold, and the unusual voltammetric responses of such states, are outlined. The surprisingly high (and complex) electrocatalytic activity of gold in aqueous media is attributed to the presence of a range of such non-equilibrium states as the vital entities at active sites on conventional gold surfaces. The possible relevance of these ideas to account for the remarkable catalytic activity of oxidesupported gold microparticles is briefly outlined.From a technological viewpoint heterogeneous catalysis is one of the most important areas of chemistry; in new technology such processes are responsible for over 90% of chemical and petroleum products by value (1). It is widely accepted (1) that a vital objective in this area is to identify the nature and mode of operation of surface active sites; this task was designated recently by Roberts (2) as "the ultimate in catalytic research". The problems involved appear quite daunting as, despite extensive investigation involving a vast array of sophisticated techniques, the general impression (for the vast majority of catalytic processes) is that "catalytic sites remain unidentified" (3).The active site theory of heterogeneous catalysis was proposed by Taylor (4) in 1925. Along with the suggestion that only a small percentage of surface atoms participate in such reactions, he pointed out that the sites in question "manifest an extraordinary sensitivity to heat treatment". He attributed the latter to the incomplete crystallization of the active site material, ie the latter (as discussed here later) usually exists in a metastable, non-equilibrium state. By inducing crystallization, the heat treatment eliminates the active sites and the resulting more stable material produced at the surface is relatively inactive. Taylor's suggestions are in agreement with current ideas in the surface science approach to surface catalysis, eg Somorjai (5) pointed out recently that, for the same surface, catalytic processes occur much more rapidly at defects (the metal atoms (Med) associated with defects are intrinsically active, ie μ(Med) > μ°(Me)), such as kinks and ledges, than on terraces; he also stressed that "rough [disordered or non-equilibrated] surfaces do chemistry", ie they are the most active from a catalytic viewpoint.In the present article the main emphasis is on electrocatalysis, ie the catalysis of faradaic reactions, and in particular on the behaviour of gold in aqueous media. This work may be regarded as an extension of an earlier 2-part review (6, 7) of the electrocatalytic properties of the same metal. Attention is focused on such topics as metastable, non-equilibrium or defect states of metals, me...

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“…118 Baseado no procedimento de isolamento de películas metálicas, microeletrodos de banda também foram fabricados utilizando a impressão de tintas condutivas entre substratos não condutores. [119][120][121] Além disso, técnicas litográficas, 122 por ablação a laser 123 e screenprinted 121,124 também estão citadas na literatura para fabricação de microeletrodos com essa geometria. Entretanto, devido a somente uma das dimensões dos eletrodos apresentar tamanho micrométrico ou submicrométrico, a aplicação desse tipo de geometria para medidas em microambientes nem sempre é possível.…”

Section: Microeletrodos De Bandasunclassified

Métodos para fabricação de microeletrodos visando a detecção em microambientes

Paixão¹,

Bertotti²

2009

Quím. Nova

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Microband electrodes fabricated by screen printing processes: Applications in electroanalysis

Cited by 96 publications

References 22 publications

Arrays of Screen‐Printed Graphite Microband Electrodes as a Versatile Electroanalysis Platform

Arrays of Screen‐Printed Graphite Microband Electrodes as a Versatile Electroanalysis Platform

High energy states of goldand their importance in electrocatalytic processes at surfaces and interfaces

Métodos para fabricação de microeletrodos visando a detecção em microambientes

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