Microangiopathy in Animals with Spontaneous Diabetes

Soret, M. G.; Dulin, W. E.; Gerritsen, G. C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-027362-1.50036-4

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…112 However, microaneurysms have not been observed in spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters, 58 -113 -114 but the endothelial cell to intramural pericyte ratio of retinal capillaries was significantly increased in diabetic animals. 113 Large masses of PAS positive staining material were reported in the inner nuclear layer, 114 which were subsequently shown to be large deposits of glycogen. 58 Fluorescein angiography has not shown capillary leakage.…”

Section: Morphologic Changes and Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chinese Hamster as a Model for the Study of Diabetes Mellitus

Gerritsen¹

1982

Diabetes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Selection for and against diabetes and subsequent inbreeding of Chinese hamsters started in 1963. Currently there are six inbred sublines that have greater than 85% incidence of glycosuria and two control inbred nondiabetic sublines that are essentially free of glycosuria. At birth, hamsters from inbred sublines are considered prediabetic. There is phenotypic variation between diabetic sublines. Onset time, incidence of ketonuria, blood glucose, plasma insulin, glucagon and glycohydrolase levels vary from subline to subline, but pancreatic insulin and glucagon levels are consistently low and high, respectively, in all diabetic sublines compared with nondiabetics. Experimental breeding data suggest a minimum of two homozygous recessive genes for diabetes. It is not known if the inbred lines are similar diabetic genotypes, but the probability is high that modifier background genes vary from subline to subline.Chinese hamsters have diabetes ranging from mild to severe. Animals weighing 25 g can excrete up to 75 ml of urine containing 3 g of glucose per day. Fasting blood glucose as high as 500 mg/dl and 10 /nmol/ml of beta-hydroxybutyrate have been reported. Gluconeogenesis is elevated, and some glycolytic enzymes are decreased in severe diabetes. Low levels of renal acid glycohydrolase enzymes may contribute to glomerular capillary loop basement membrane thickening in diabetic hamsters. Caloric restriction per se or reduction of dietary fat prevented onset of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in prediabetics. Morphologic changes have been observed in pancreatic islets, kidney, nerve, blood vessels, eyes, brain, and genitourinary systems of diabetic Chinese hamsters. Pathogenesis of diabetes in this animal appears to be related to an increased demand for insulin. Initially there is a positive response to this demand by beta cells, but exhaustion occurs. This is followed by a decrease in beta-cell mass and relative or absolute insulin deficiency. DIABETES 37 (Suppl.

show abstract

Section: Morphologic Changes and Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chinese Hamster as a Model for the Study of Diabetes Mellitus

Gerritsen¹

1982

Diabetes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since the choriocapillaris is known to nourish the visual receptor cells of the retina, it seems feasible that an abnormal vascular blood flow in the choroid may adversely affect these cells in the diabetic Chinese hamster. Although studies of the eye in the spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamster have been restricted to the retina [38][39][40], it is of interest that the endothelial cell to pericyte ratio was elevated in the retinal capillaries [38]. If a similar numerical alteration occurs among the vascular cells of the choroidal capillaries, it would be important to determine whether high levels of VIP mediate this cellular rearrangement or represent a response to the altered cellular environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the eye and urinary bladder of diabetic and prediabetic Chinese hamsters

et al. 1985

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary. The eyes and urinary bladder of non-diabetic, prediabetic and diabetic Chinese hamsters were evaluated by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry to determine the content and distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The average concentration of VIP was increased in the eyes of all diabetic (pmol/g = 68%, pmol/organ = 50%) and prediabetic (pmol/g=152%, pmol/organ=115%) hamsters compared with age-matched non-diabetic animals. Immunocytochemistry showed that the elevation of VIP was primarily related to greater intensity of fluorescence of the nerve fibres in the vasculature of the choroid. The average content of VIP in the urinary bladder was greater in diabetic animals only on the basis of pmol/organ (135%) and in prediabetics on the basis of pmol/g (87%) compared with non-diabetic animals. Qualitative immunocytochemistry suggested that the elevated level of VIP was related to a larger distribution of nerve fibres in the urinary bladder of diabetic hamsters. The high level of VIP in the eyes and urinary bladder of diabetic and prediabetic hamsters is an interesting observation which should receive further study to determine whether it is an aetiological agent underlying the pathogenesis of ophthalmic complications and neurogenic bladder or the result of some pathological process which affects these organs.Key words: VIP, radioimmunoassay, immunocytochemistry, eyes, urinary bladder, prediabetes, diabetic Chinese hamsters.Complications of the eye and urinary bladder have been documented in patients with diabetes mellitus and most animal models of this disease. With respect to the eye, lesions have been adequately described in the retina [1][2][3][4][5]. Although the specific type of lesion varies among animals and man, the vasculature of the eye is always adversely affected [5]. Several investigations have demonstrated that distension [6-9] and hypertrophy [10] concomitant with urine retention are characteristic of the urinary bladder of diabetic man and animals. Urinary bladder dysfunction is believed to be a product of diabetic autonomic neuropathy [11,12] which promotes impairment of detrusor muscle function [8,13]. Although it has recently been disputed [9], a reduction in cholinergic innervation [7,14] has been proposed as a possible mechanism which elicits bladder dysfunction. Despite intensive research, the primary aetiological agent(s) underlying the derangements in the eye and urinary bladder of diabetic man and animals remain under investigation.Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been shown to be present in high quantities in the eye [15][16][17][18][19] and urogenital tract [20][21][22][23] of several species, including man. Due to its potent vasodilator activity [24] and its possible involvement in regulation of relaxation [25][26][27] and contraction [28] of the urogenital tract, it was of interest to determine whether concentration and/or distribution of this peptide are altered in the eye and urinary bladder of a suitable diabetic animal model. Since the spontaneously diabe...

show abstract

“…They are giant glias which extend from the inner An unusual type of lesion was found in most severely diabetic Chinese hamsters [16]. Under light microscopy ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the structural studies of the Chinese hamster have been made on the pancreatic islets [2,3,4,9,10,12,13] while limited attention has been given to the kidney [5,14] and the eye [6,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic abnormalities observed in retina, pancreas and kidney of diabetic Chinese hamsters

Soret¹,

Dulin²,

Mathews³

et al. 1974

Diabetologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary. Intraeellular glycogen deposits were consistently found in the retina, kidney and pancreatic islets of diabetie-ketonurie Chinese hamsters. Accumulation of glycogen in the outer nuclear layer of the retina was mostly associated with severity of the disease, but was not related to age or sex. The type of retinal cell involved in the accumulation of glycogen was not clearly established. Itowever, the position of the affected cell, side by side with retinal neurons, suggests that the glycogen deposits were within Miiller cells. These giant glias normally synthesize and store glycogen. All ketonuric Chinese hamsters examined showed some accumulation of glycogen in distal tubules of the kidney. This abnormal glycogen was not found in glueosurie non-ketonurie or in nondiabetic Chinese hamsters. Variable amounts of glycogen were found in fl cells of pancreatic islets of diabetic hamsters, as reported by others. I-iowever, accumulation of glycogen was also found in ~ and D islet cells from 2 middle aged Chinese hamsters with long term glueosuria and recent ketonuria. Abnormal glucose and glycogen metabolism seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes in the Chinese hamster.

show abstract

Microangiopathy in Animals with Spontaneous Diabetes

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

The Chinese Hamster as a Model for the Study of Diabetes Mellitus

The Chinese Hamster as a Model for the Study of Diabetes Mellitus

Elevated levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the eye and urinary bladder of diabetic and prediabetic Chinese hamsters

Morphologic abnormalities observed in retina, pancreas and kidney of diabetic Chinese hamsters

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About