Microanatomy of the incisive canal using three-dimensional reconstruction of microCT images: An ex vivo study

Morphologic evaluation of the incisive canal and its proximity to the maxillary central incisors using computed tomography images

“…However, more than 60% of our subject pool had an incisive canal width larger than the interroot distance, and individual variations of canal dimension, especially enlargement and asymmetry of the canal morphology, are frequently reported with 3D evaluation. 20,21,30,31 Anatomical features of the incisive canal have been studied in connection with rehabilitation of the maxillary anterior region [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and the placement of orthodontic mini-implants. 30,[32][33][34] However, the consequences or the possibilities of incisor roots being in contact with the incisive canal following tooth movement are poorly documented in the orthodontic literature.…”

“…It runs parallel to the maxillary central incisors and transmits the nasopalatine vessels and nerves, branches of the maxillary artery, and the trigeminal nerve and is surrounded by a thick layer of cortical bone. [17][18][19][20][21][22] Because of its proximity to the maxillary incisors, the possibility of surgical invasion of the incisive canal during dental procedures has been reported, and this can result in nonosseointegration of dental implants or sensory dysfunction. 23,24 Although the overall anatomy of the incisive canal is well defined, its precise location in relation to the maxillary incisors is not well documented in the orthodontic literature.…”

Observation of maxillary incisive canal using dry skulls between Hellman’s dental age IA and IIIC

“…Ossification of the palate proceeds during the 8th week post-conception derived from single primary ossification centers of the maxillae. Also, Song et al 15) reported, based on histologic findings, that numerous veins were observed in the maxillary incisive canal, and the number of arteries appeared to be correlated with the number of channels present. In contrast, the nerve or its branches were located mainly in the central channel or in the most central of the lateral channels.…”

Estudo comparativo do índice de sobrevivência de implantes dentários instalados em maxila parcialmente reconstruídas ou não com enxerto ósseo autógeno mandibular

“…Pode ser dividido em três partes: abertura inferior ou forame incisivo, abertura superior ou forame nasopalatino (também chamado de forame de Stensen) e o canal incisivo propriamente dito. Passam por ele, ramos da artéria esfenopalatina e artéria palatina maior, além de ramos do nervo nasopalatino (SONG et al, 2009). …”

“…Com comprimento aproximado de 10,4 mm em maxilas edêntulas e 12 mm em maxilas dentadas (SONG et al, 2009), o canal incisivo localiza-se em média a 7,4 mm da cortical óssea vestibular da maxila (MRAIWA et al, 2004), o que pode dificultar a técnica da instalação de implantes pelo possível débito sensorial. De acordo com Mardinger et al (2008), o diâmetro do canal incisivo varia de acordo com o grau de reabsorção óssea após perdas dentárias, observando-se que o seu diâmetro tende a ser maior em maxilas severamente reabsorvidas, podendo, em muitos casos, ocupar parte da crista óssea alveolar.…”