Microalgae (diatom) production &amp;#x2014; The aquaculture and biofuel nexus

Merz, Clifford R.; Main, Kevan L.

doi:10.1109/oceans.2014.7003242

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…The development of industrial scale microalgal cultivation has been constrained by low yields not yet competitive with alternative sources, such as fossil fuels, chemical synthesis, plants or heterotrophic organisms. However, diatoms and other algae have the potential benefit of simultaneously sequestering CO 2 , not taking up arable land and the ability to be cultivated with saline or waste water [227][228][229]. In this context, numerous metabolic engineering efforts have been undertaken to enhance TAG accumulation in diatoms.…”

Section: Ld Biotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Diatom Lipid Droplets

Leyland

Boussiba

Khozin‐Goldberg

2020

Biology

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The dynamic nutrient availability and photon flux density of diatom habitats necessitate buffering capabilities in order to maintain metabolic homeostasis. This is accomplished by the biosynthesis and turnover of storage lipids, which are sequestered in lipid droplets (LDs). LDs are an organelle conserved among eukaryotes, composed of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a polar lipid monolayer. LDs shield the intracellular environment from the accumulation of hydrophobic compounds and function as a carbon and electron sink. These functions are implemented by interconnections with other intracellular systems, including photosynthesis and autophagy. Since diatom lipid production may be a promising objective for biotechnological exploitation, a deeper understanding of LDs may offer targets for metabolic engineering. In this review, we provide an overview of diatom LD biology and biotechnological potential.

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Section: Ld Biotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Diatom Lipid Droplets

Leyland

Boussiba

Khozin‐Goldberg

2020

Biology

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“…Over 15,000 valuable chemically-determined compounds, such as antioxidants, carotenoids, fatty acids, polymers, peptides, enzymes, toxins and sterols [2], are produced by all the microalgae that have been identified to date, but only a few species are currently produced on an industrial scale: Haematococcus (Chlorophyceae), for example, which is produced for astaxanthin [3], and Chlorella (Chlorophyceae) and Arthrospira platensis (Cyanophyceae), which are produced worldwide for food and nutraceutical purposes [1,4,5]. Regarding diatoms, which represent the largest group of microalgae [6], applications mainly concern aquaculture [7]. Except for some species like Phaeodactylum tricornutum, which are already produced on a large scale [8], one of the biggest challenges is the difficulty in setting up a controlled and optimized large-scale production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an artificial culture medium to optimize Haslea ostrearia biomass and marennine production

et al. 2020

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The diatom Haslea ostrearia was first studied by Gaillon in the year 1820 because of the greening phenomenon of oysters in western France. This microalga has the capacity to produce and excrete a blue pigment, called marennine, that has antioxidant, anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties, with possible industrial applications related to aquaculture and cosmetics. However, it is difficult to produce biomass in large concentrations in photobioreactors (i.e, usually 1 kg m −3 dry weight or higher) due to stirring sensitivity, and also because diatoms have special requirements, such as a supply of silica. This work presents a design for a new, completely artificial, seawater medium named NX (i.e, Nghiem Xuan) for optimizing cultivation of the diatom H. ostrearia in photobioreactors. NX takes account of the carbon and phosphorus sources in either organic or inorganic form, and the composition of the main elements (C, H, O, N, P, S, Si). Optimization of the calcium, magnesium and iron concentrations was found to be essential in order to achieve the highest productivities. The resulting NX medium was validated in an airlift photobioreactor. This led to productivities of 4.9 × 10 8 cell L −1 (ca. 500 mg L −1 of biomass) and 15.7 mg L −1 of marennine, higher than has previously been reported in the literature.

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“…β-Chitin is also available in reduced quantities from marine cephalopod (squid pen) biowaste but can be obtained from other marine sources such as the crystalline fibrils of some microalgae (diatoms) and the tubes of vestimentiferans [giant undersea tube worms]. 14,20,21 γ-Chitin is usually obtained from fungi and yeasts with the crystalline structure being a combination of the α- and β-forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in 1936, GW Rigby was granted U.S. patent number 2,040,880 for making chitosan membrane films along with a second patent for making fibers from chitosan . Other industrial operational uses include separation membrane technologies (aqueous and gas); flocculation of proteinaceous solids and chelation of metal ions in wastewater treatment, microalgal biomass dewatering, beer/beverage clarification; treatment of wounds and burns by incorporation into healing–accelerating sutures and antibacterial surgical dressings; and as a feed and food processing additive. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…α-Chitin, the most common polymorphic form found in commercial chitin and chitosans, is frequently obtained from a large amount of available low-cost marine crustacean (e.g., lobsters, crabs, and shrimp) biowaste. β-Chitin is also available in reduced quantities from marine cephalopod (squid pen) biowaste but can be obtained from other marine sources such as the crystalline fibrils of some microalgae (diatoms) and the tubes of vestimentiferans [giant undersea tube worms]. ,, γ-Chitin is usually obtained from fungi and yeasts with the crystalline structure being a combination of the α- and β-forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physicochemical and Colligative Investigation of α (Shrimp Shell)- and β (Squid Pen)-Chitosan Membranes: Concentration-Gradient-Driven Water Flux and Ion Transport for Salinity Gradient Power and Separation Process Operations

Merz

2019

ACS Omega

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Chitin, and its derivative chitosan, is a naturally occurring biopolymer and an abundant polysaccharide containing acetylated units of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine. Chitosan membranes produced from shrimp shell (α) and squid pen (β) biowaste were prepared by solvent-casting, after which water flux and ionic transport diffusion experiments were conducted using a side-by-side concentration test cell under differing salinity concentration gradients. Physicochemical and experimental investigations were conducted, which confirmed that β-chitin possesses differing and enhanced performance characteristics than α-chitin with respect to diffusive water flux and ionic transport capabilities. In addition, novel colligative investigations through osmotic equilibrium were conducted to determine electrochemical characteristics for the evaluation of salinity gradient power generation suitability. Electrochemical test results under a salinity gradient revealed extremely low energy density values, thereby limiting consideration for commercial utility-scale salinity gradient power renewable energy operations. However, the tested membranes possessed high water and ion flux permeability characteristics that could find use in industrial separation process operations such as those used in the extraction of economically valuable materials from seawater or highly saline industrial fluids, or reduction in the saline content of mining fluids during dewatering and hazardous waste treatment and disposal operations, thereby potentially fostering new market developments, which will drive continued improvements in the responsible biowaste management of this valuable marine bioresource.

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Microalgae (diatom) production — The aquaculture and biofuel nexus

Cited by 17 publications

References 86 publications

A Review of Diatom Lipid Droplets

A Review of Diatom Lipid Droplets

Design of an artificial culture medium to optimize Haslea ostrearia biomass and marennine production

Physicochemical and Colligative Investigation of α (Shrimp Shell)- and β (Squid Pen)-Chitosan Membranes: Concentration-Gradient-Driven Water Flux and Ion Transport for Salinity Gradient Power and Separation Process Operations

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