“…Other studies such as Hu et al (2021), used a pre-treatment of the leachate and then dilution for the use of microalgae in phosphorus removal, which highlighted removal equivalent to 80%, however, the greater the slurry dilution, the lower the phosphorus removal rate, corroborating what was observed. was found in this present research.…”
Section: Discussion Of Phosphorus Removal and Efficiencysupporting
confidence: 62%
“…The phase growth decline was observed after the 7 st day, which is directly related to the decrease in the availability of some essential nutrients for the growth of microorganisms because as there is the growth of microalgae density over time, there is nutrients consumption and also the reduction of light penetration resulting from self-shading causing stress (Lam, et al, 2017). Previous studies Hu et al (2021) demonstrate that the leachate dilution rate of 10% showed a higher concentration of chlorella vulgaris microalgae biomass, considering that the leachate was diluted and pre-treated. Therefore, the domestic effluent not only provided nutrients such as phosphorus to the culture medium, but also reduced the turbidity of the slurry, allowing light penetration and microalgae growth.…”
O cultivo de microalgas em resíduos líquidos surge como uma possibilidade biotecnológica devido à sustentabilidade do processo, uma vez que poluentes presentes em resíduos como nitrogênio (N) e fósforo (P) são utilizados por esses microrganismos como nutrientes para seu crescimento e produção de biomassa com valor adicionado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um protótipo de fotobiorreatores para remoção de nutrientes: nitrogênio e fósforo através do cultivo da microalga Chlorella vulgaris em lixiviado de aterro sanitário diluído em efluente doméstico. O cultivo teve duração de 28 dias onde foi avaliada a remoção de nutrientes nitrogênio e fósforo, bem como o crescimento de microalgas. Os melhores resultados de crescimento de microalgas foram obtidos em fotobiorreatores contendo 100% de efluente doméstico e 15% de chorume com concentração de clorofila de 2.277,08±247,21 µg.L-1 e 223,12±17,44 µg.L-1, respectivamente, no 21º dia de cultivo. Com relação à remoção de nutrientes de nitrogênio e fósforo, foi possível observar que a espécie utilizada neste estudo apresenta boa eficiência, cerca de 72,36% para nitrogênio e 44,32% para fósforo ao final do cultivo.
“…Other studies such as Hu et al (2021), used a pre-treatment of the leachate and then dilution for the use of microalgae in phosphorus removal, which highlighted removal equivalent to 80%, however, the greater the slurry dilution, the lower the phosphorus removal rate, corroborating what was observed. was found in this present research.…”
Section: Discussion Of Phosphorus Removal and Efficiencysupporting
confidence: 62%
“…The phase growth decline was observed after the 7 st day, which is directly related to the decrease in the availability of some essential nutrients for the growth of microorganisms because as there is the growth of microalgae density over time, there is nutrients consumption and also the reduction of light penetration resulting from self-shading causing stress (Lam, et al, 2017). Previous studies Hu et al (2021) demonstrate that the leachate dilution rate of 10% showed a higher concentration of chlorella vulgaris microalgae biomass, considering that the leachate was diluted and pre-treated. Therefore, the domestic effluent not only provided nutrients such as phosphorus to the culture medium, but also reduced the turbidity of the slurry, allowing light penetration and microalgae growth.…”
O cultivo de microalgas em resíduos líquidos surge como uma possibilidade biotecnológica devido à sustentabilidade do processo, uma vez que poluentes presentes em resíduos como nitrogênio (N) e fósforo (P) são utilizados por esses microrganismos como nutrientes para seu crescimento e produção de biomassa com valor adicionado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um protótipo de fotobiorreatores para remoção de nutrientes: nitrogênio e fósforo através do cultivo da microalga Chlorella vulgaris em lixiviado de aterro sanitário diluído em efluente doméstico. O cultivo teve duração de 28 dias onde foi avaliada a remoção de nutrientes nitrogênio e fósforo, bem como o crescimento de microalgas. Os melhores resultados de crescimento de microalgas foram obtidos em fotobiorreatores contendo 100% de efluente doméstico e 15% de chorume com concentração de clorofila de 2.277,08±247,21 µg.L-1 e 223,12±17,44 µg.L-1, respectivamente, no 21º dia de cultivo. Com relação à remoção de nutrientes de nitrogênio e fósforo, foi possível observar que a espécie utilizada neste estudo apresenta boa eficiência, cerca de 72,36% para nitrogênio e 44,32% para fósforo ao final do cultivo.
“…Nitrate is the second inorganic nitrogen that microalgae prefer for growth, next to ammonium (Whitton et al 2015). Studies have shown low (53%), 90%, and 100% NO 3 − –N removal efficiencies by Chlorella sp., from partially treated agro-processing industry wastewater and lecheate (D. Hu et al 2021 ; Shi et al 2007 ; Godos et al 2009 ; Ajala and Alexander 2020 ). Fig.…”
Anaerobically treated slaughterhouse effluent is rich in nutrients, organic matter, and cause eutrophication if discharged to the environment without proper further treatment. Moreover, phosphorus and nitrogen in agro-processing industry wastewaters are mainly removed in the tertiary treatment phase. The objective of this study is to evaluate the pollutant removal efficiency of Chlorella and Scenedesmus species as well as their co-culture treating two-phase anaerobic digester effluent through microalgae biomass production. The dimensions of the rectangular photobioreactor used to conduct the experiment are 15 cm in height, 20 cm in width, and 30 cm in length. Removal efficiencies between 86.74–93.11%, 96.74–97.47%, 91.49–92.91%, 97.94–99.46%, 89.22–94.28%, and 91.08–95.31% were attained for chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, total phosphorous, and orthophosphate by Chlorella species, Scenedesmus species, and their co-culture, respectively. The average biomass productivity and biomass yield of Chlorella species, Scenedesmus species, and their co-culture were 1.4 ± 0.1, 1.17 ± 0.12, 1.5 ± 0.13 g/L, and 0.18, 0.21, and 0.23 g/L*day, respectively. The final effluent quality in terms of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous attained by Chlorella species and the co-culture were below the permissible discharge limit for slaughterhouse effluent standards in the country (Ethiopia). The results of the study showed that the use of microalgae as well as their co-culture for polishing the nutrients and residual organic matter in the anaerobically treated agro-processing industry effluent offers a promising result for wastewater remediation and biomass production. In general, Chlorella and Scenedesmus species microalgae and their co-culture can be applied as an alternative for nutrient removal from anaerobically treated slaughterhouse wastewater as well as biomass production that can be used for bioenergy.
Graphical Abstract
“…Hu et al revealed that the co-cultivation system among different species of algae improved their growth. When the growth of C. vulgaris and a unicellular green algae Scenedesmus dimorphus in the landfill leachate was compared, the co-culture biomass in 10% landfill leachate demonstrated improved nutrient utilization efficiency in microalgae [107].…”
Section: Co-cultivation With Bacteria Yeast or Other Microalgaementioning
Heavy reliance on fossil fuels has been associated with increased climate disasters. As an alternative, microalgae have been proposed as an effective agent for biomass production. Several advantages of microalgae include faster growth, usage of non-arable land, recovery of nutrients from wastewater, efficient CO 2 capture, and high amount of biomolecules that are valuable for humans. Microalgae Chlorella spp. are a large group of eukaryotic, photosynthetic, unicellular microorganisms with high adaptability to environmental variations. Over the past decades, Chlorella has been used for the large-scale production of biomass. In addition, Chlorella has been actively used in various food industries for improving human health because of its antioxidant, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory functions. However, the major restrictions in microalgal biofuel technology are the cost-consuming cultivation, processing, and lipid extraction processes. Therefore, various trials have been performed to enhance the biomass productivity and the lipid contents of Chlorella cells. This study provides a comprehensive review of lipid enhancement strategies mainly published in the last five years and aimed at regulating carbon sources, nutrients, stresses, and expression of exogenous genes to improve biomass production and lipid synthesis.
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