Microalgae as main ingredient for fish feed: Non‐fish meal and non‐fish oil diet development for red sea bream,
 Pagrus major
 , by blending of microalgae
 Nannochloropsis
 ,
 Chlorella
 and
 Schizochytrium

Seong, Taekyoung; Uno, Yosei; Kitagima, Renato; Kabeya, Naoki; Haga, Yutaka; Satoh, Shuichi

doi:10.1111/are.15463

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…or 45% Nannochloropsis sp., Chlorella sp., and Schizochytrium sp. ( 80 ). On the other hand, the inclusion of Nannochloropsis sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, previous studies reported no effects or even a reduction of intestinal area, or villus length and width in carnivorous fish fed diets supplemented with individual Ulva sp., Gracilaria sp., Chlorella sp., or Nannochloropsis sp. ( 41 , 54 , 94 , 95 ), or their mixtures ( 54 , 79 , 80 ). Fish fed the control diet (Algae0) had the lowest number of goblet cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A commercial blend of macroalgae and microalgae promotes digestibility, growth performance, and muscle nutritional value of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) juveniles

Mota

Pinto

Sá³

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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Algae can leverage aquaculture sustainability and improve the nutritional and functional value of fish for human consumption, but may pose challenges to carnivorous fish. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of a commercial blend of macroalgae (Ulva sp. and Gracilaria gracilis) and microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis oceanica) in a plant-based diet up to 6% (dry matter basis) on digestibility, gut integrity, nutrient utilization, growth performance, and muscle nutritional value of European seabass juveniles. Fish (11.3 ± 2.70 g) were fed with isoproteic, isolipidic, and isoenergetic diets: (i) a commercial-type plant-based diet with moderate fishmeal (125 g kg−1 DM basis) and without algae blend (control diet; Algae0), (ii) the control diet with 2% algae blend (Algae2), (iii) the control diet with 4% algae blend (Algae4), and (iv) the control diet with 6% algae blend (Algae6) for 12 weeks. The digestibility of experimental diets was assessed in a parallel study after 20 days. Results showed that most nutrients and energy apparent digestibility coefficients were promoted by algae blend supplementation, with a concomitant increase in lipid and energy retention efficiencies. Growth performance was significantly promoted by the algae blend, the final body weight of fish fed Algae6 being 70% higher than that of fish fed Algae0 after 12 weeks, reflecting up to 20% higher feed intake of algae-fed fish and the enhanced anterior intestinal absorption area (up to 45%). Whole-body and muscle lipid contents were increased with dietary algae supplementation levels by up to 1.79 and 1.74 folds in Algae 6 compared to Algae0, respectively. Even though the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids was reduced, the content of EPA and DHA in the muscle of algae-fed fish increased by nearly 43% compared to Algae0. The skin and filet color of juvenile European seabass were significantly affected by the dietary inclusion of the algae blend, but changes were small in the case of muscle, meeting the preference of consumers. Overall results highlight the beneficial effects of the commercial algae blend (Algaessence®) supplementation in plant-based diets for European seabass juveniles, but feeding trials up to commercial-size fish are needed to fully assess its potential.

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“…or 45% Nannochloropsis sp., Chlorella sp., and Schizochytrium sp. ( 80 ). On the other hand, the inclusion of Nannochloropsis sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A commercial blend of macroalgae and microalgae promotes digestibility, growth performance, and muscle nutritional value of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) juveniles

Mota

Pinto

Sá³

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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show abstract

“…In European seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ), growth was not affected by the replacement of (45%) protein and (36%) lipids from FM with a blend of Tisochrysis lutea and Tetraselmis suecica ( Cardinaletti et al, 2018 ). Seong et al (2021) observed good results in terms of growth performance with the inclusion of mixed microalgae ( Schizochytrium sp., Nannochloropsis sp. and Chlorella sp.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biofortified Diets Containing Algae and Selenised Yeast: Effects on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, and Tissue Composition of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

Ferreira

Ribeiro

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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Efforts have been made to find natural, highly nutritious alternatives to replace fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO), which can simultaneously promote fish health and improve the nutritional quality of filets for human consumption. This study evaluated the impact of biofortified diets containing microalgae (as replacement for FM and FO), macroalgae (as natural source of iodine) and selenised yeast (organic source of selenium) on gilthead seabream growth, nutrient utilization, tissue composition and gene expression. A control diet (CTRL) with 15% FM and 5.5% FO was compared with three experimental diets (AD1, AD2, and AD3), where a microalgae blend (Chlorella sp., Tetraselmis sp., and DHA-rich Schizochytrium sp.) replaced 33% of FM. Diet AD1 contained 20% less FO. Diets were supplemented with Laminaria digitata (0.4% AD1 and AD2; 0.8% AD3) and selenised yeast (0.02% AD1 and AD2; 0.04% AD3). After feeding the experimental diets for 12 weeks, growth was similar in fish fed AD1, AD2, and CTRL, indicating that microalgae meal can partially replace both FM and FO in diets for seabream. But AD3 suppressed fish growth, suggesting that L. digitata and selenised yeast supplementation should be kept under 0.8 and 0.04%, respectively. Despite lower lipid intake and decreased PUFAs bioavailability in fish fed AD3, compared to CTRL, hepatic elovl5 was upregulated resulting in a significant increase of muscle EPA + DHA. Indeed, filets of fish fed AD2 and AD3 provided the highest EPA + DHA contents (0.7 g 100 g–1), that are well above the minimum recommended values for human consumption. Fish consuming the AD diets had a higher retention and gain of selenium, while iodine gain remained similar among diets. Upregulation of selenoproteins (gpx1, selk, and dio2) was observed in liver of fish fed AD1, but diets had limited impact on fish antioxidant status. Overall, results indicate that the tested microalgae are good sources of protein and lipids, with their LC-PUFAs being effectively accumulated in seabream muscle. Selenised yeast is a good fortification vehicle to increase selenium levels in fish, but efforts should be placed to find new strategies to fortify fish in iodine.

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“…Microalgae have the potential to play a significant role in aquaculture due to their high-quality protein, essential fatty acids, pigments, and other nutrients ( Francis et al, 2001 ). When used as bait for aquatic organism, microalgae offer a superior amino acid content compared to fish meal and other animal feed ( Seong et al, 2021 ). Additionally, microalgae can serve as a means of purifying aquaculture water and regulating microbial balance in the water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of microalgae culture modes in aquaculture: a brief opinion

Cheng

Shan

Zhu³

et al. 2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Microalgae as main ingredient for fish feed: Non‐fish meal and non‐fish oil diet development for red sea bream, Pagrus major , by blending of microalgae Nannochloropsis , Chlorella and Schizochytrium

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

A commercial blend of macroalgae and microalgae promotes digestibility, growth performance, and muscle nutritional value of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) juveniles

A commercial blend of macroalgae and microalgae promotes digestibility, growth performance, and muscle nutritional value of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) juveniles

Biofortified Diets Containing Algae and Selenised Yeast: Effects on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, and Tissue Composition of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

The role of microalgae culture modes in aquaculture: a brief opinion

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