Micro‐Raman spectroscopy identification of urinary stone composition from ureteroscopic lithotripsy urine powder

Abstract

Urolithiasis is a prevalent, disturbing, and highly recurrent disease. Knowing the composition of a urinary stone is important for prevention purposes. Traditional urinary stone analysis methods need large stone fragments for analysis. However, the advancement of ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL) has resulted in micro-stone fragments and unapparently expelled urinary stone powder. In this study, we developed a micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS) based diagnosis method for detecting microstones or stone powders in urine after URSL. In our experiment, urine samples of 10 ml each were collected from 12 patients over the fragmented stone site in the ureter after the URSL procedure. The post-URSL urine sediments extracted from urine were analyzed by MRS. The small urinary stones caught by grasping forceps were analyzed by both MRS and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We have identified common urinary stone compositions: calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), calcium phosphate hydroxide (hydroxyl apatite or HAP), and uric acid, by using a 632.8 nm He-Ne laser for excitation, a 100× microscope objective lens for irradiation and collection, and a short photobleaching time for fluorescent background reduction. Thus, we developed an MRS-based method for analyzing the composition of urinary stone powders directly from the urine samples after the URSL procedure. This approach provides a quick and convenient method for urinary stone analysis.

Spectroscopic study of inhibition of calcium oxalate calculi growth by Larrea tridentata

“…Additional confirmation of the monohydrate structure of the crystals grown without the inhibitor is detectable in the corresponding Raman spectrum from the peaks at 201, 248, 503, and 597 cm −1 , which are attributed to O-C-O bending vibrations, and at 864, 895, and 942 cm −1 , which are attributed to C-C stretching vibrations. [21,22] Most of these features are shifted to higher wavenumbers in the spectra of the samples with the inhibitor, as follows: 201 to 226 cm −1 , 248 to 266 cm −1 , 503 to 529 cm −1 , and 895 to 917 cm −1 . [21] These shifts demonstrate once more the influence of the herbal infusion on the structure of the standard COM crystals.…”

“…[21,22] Most of these features are shifted to higher wavenumbers in the spectra of the samples with the inhibitor, as follows: 201 to 226 cm −1 , 248 to 266 cm −1 , 503 to 529 cm −1 , and 895 to 917 cm −1 . [21] These shifts demonstrate once more the influence of the herbal infusion on the structure of the standard COM crystals.…”

Osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in hydrogel containing nacre powder

“…Brushite is a stable form of calcium phosphate and a precursor of apatite formation . The peak at 986 cm −1 was attributed to the PO 4 3− symmetric stretching mode in DCPD . It is known that this mineral may be of biological origin; it is present in the early deposits of calcium phosphate in bone and enamel and in kidney stones .…”

“…27 The peak at 986 cm À1 was attributed to the PO 4 3À symmetric stretching mode in DCPD. 28 It is known that this mineral may be of biological origin; it is present in the early deposits of calcium phosphate in bone and enamel and in kidney stones. 29 We hypothesize that, in our case, the DCPD phase is a transition phase before the formation of hydroxyapatite, in agreement with its presence at the border of hydroxyapatite deposits (Fig.…”

Differentiation of human kidney stones induced by melamine and uric acid using surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry

“…[6,7] To date, these methods are useful for the identification of limited known categories of urinary stones. Also, these techniques do not lend themselves to quantitative analysis of the stone component in complex matrix [8] without sample cleanup.…”