Micro/nanotechnology-inspired rapid diagnosis of respiratory infectious diseases

Abstract

Humans have suffered from a variety of infectious diseases since a long time ago, and now a new infectious disease called COVID-19 is prevalent worldwide. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to research of the effective methods of diagnosing respiratory infectious diseases, which are important to reduce infection rate and help the spread of diseases be controlled. The onset of COVID-19 has led to the further development of existing diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Furthermore, this has contributed to the further development of micro/nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods, which have advantages of high-throughput testing, effectiveness in terms of cost and space, and portability compared to conventional diagnosis methods. Micro/nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods can be largely classified into (1) nanomaterials-based, (2) micromaterials-based, and (3) micro/nanodevice-based. This review paper describes how micro/nanotechnologies have been exploited to diagnose respiratory infectious diseases in each section. The research and development of micro/nanotechnology-based diagnostics should be further explored and advanced as new infectious diseases continue to emerge. Only a handful of micro/nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods has been commercialized so far and there still are opportunities to explore.

Identification of COVID-19 Infection from Features Extraction of Exhaled Breath Using Signal Processing Methods

“…The trend-line based analysis carried out in this study, which contributed to the epoch being created in this approach (Howe et al, 2011). The developed algorithm, which identifies each valid exhaled breath and segments it into five epochs, incorporates this information (Homayoonnia et al, 2021;van Bohemen et al, 2023). As established in previous studies, the slope and area indices of each epoch were computed using Equation 2 and 3, respectively (Malarvili et al, 2021).…”

Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles in Biomedical Sciences: Properties, Current Trends, Novel Opportunities and Emerging Challenges in Theranostic Nanomedicine

“…Nanotechnology has led to the development of various NP formulations for diagnostic applications, thereby revolutionizing treatment strategies of relevant diseases, whose outcomes depend on early and accurate detection, such as cancer [ 25 , 336 , 426 , 578 , 579 ], diabetes [ 580 , 581 , 582 ], gastrointestinal disorders [ 583 , 584 , 585 ], infectious diseases [ 586 , 587 , 588 , 589 ], and neurodegenerative disorders [ 590 , 591 , 592 ]. Imaging and point-of-care technologies are two specific fields that could benefit from the utilization of NPs [ 593 , 594 ].…”

Emerging strategies in nanotechnology to treat respiratory tract infections: realizing current trends for future clinical perspectives

“…Magnetic nanoparticles like iron oxide are extensively studied for their applications in biomedicine. They are employed to detect pathogens by functionalizing their surface with recognition molecules (antibodies, carbohydrates) (Homayoonnia et al., 2021 ; J. Kim et al., 2017 ). Magnetic nanomaterials like gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit Surface Plasmon Resonance and are used in place of labels to detect the pathogens upon hybridization of complementary bases the nanomaterial will change color (Lambe et al., 2016 ).…”