Micro-nano particulate compositions of Hypericum perforatum L in ultra high diluted succussed solution medicinal products

Abstract

The fact that many patients all over the world use homeopathic ultra high diluted succussed medicinal products, makes very interesting an explanation about the structure of them since until now only unconfirmed hypotheses are made. The present study focuses on the still unanswered questions about what happens with the chemical composition and the physicochemical properties of these products using Hypericum Perforatum L as a representative paradigm. All samples were prepared according to manufacturing procedures described mainly in S. Hahnemann's "Organon" and were examined by SEM, XRD, FTIR, DLS micro Mastersizer, DLS nano Zetasizer, UV-Vis and TEM. Measurements of electrical conductivity and pH were effectuated by the appropriate devices. During trituration of source material in alpha-lactose monohydrate some functional chemical groups present in source material disappeared and some others new ones came in view at the end of the process. A differentiation upon physicochemical properties between the source material and final triturating product was viewed, as well as micro-nanoparticles in colloidal form in all potencies derived trituration or extraction origin were present. The findings showed that the whole preparation process leads to the creation of micro nanoparticles something that for solid origin these products are created by trituration and for extract origin products these nanoparticles exist from the beginning.

Exploring Possible Mechanisms of Hormesis and Homeopathy in the Light of Nanopharmacology and Ultra-High Dilutions

“…66 Using probing tools of nanoscience, many independent research groups confirmed that nanoparticles are present in ultra-high dilutions used as medicines in homeopathy. [23][24][25][26][27]67,68 The vigorous shaking process used in homeopathy increases the water pressure in the glass bottle substantially. A lot of bubbles and nanobubbles are formed.…”

Optical Properties of Crystalline Lactose Fluidized with Dilutions of Various Substances in the Terahertz Frequency Range

“…Moreover, it was revealed that these solutions are self-organized dispersed systems in which nano-objects are formed [4]. It was also observed that the ingredient trituration process in lactose powder is accompanied by the formation of micro-and nano-particulates [2]. Their biological activity and mechanism of action were previously established [5], and insights into the molecular mechanism of their action were gained [6].…”

“…Also, lactose is a commonly used component of pharmaceutical medications in tablet form. The structure of lactose triturated with an active pharmaceutical ingredient differs from the pure crystalline lactose; it is due to the destruction and creation of new chemical groups in lactose and modification of its crystal structure [2]. In [3], lactose conformation was changed by saturation in fluidized beds with active pharmaceutical ingredients obtained by repeated dilution of antibodies (Abs) to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in combination with an external intensive vibration treatment between the dilution steps.…”

Recent Studies on Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Ethnobotanical Uses of Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae)

“…These nanoparticles, which can be used in medical device coatings, antibacterial products, cosmetics, food, and pharmacy, can also be employed both as medicine and as drug carrier thanks to their unique physical and chemical properties (86,149). Utilization of H. perforatum in nanoparticular carrier systems was investigated in many studies (150)(151)(152).…”