Micro/nano-hierarchical scaffold fabricated using a cell electrospinning/3D printing process for co-culturing myoblasts and HUVECs to induce myoblast alignment and differentiation

A structure-supporting, self-healing, and high permeating hydrogel bioink for establishment of diverse homogeneous tissue-like constructs

“…Desmin and myosin are two important markers in the intermediate and late stages of myogenic differentiation [ [48] , [49] , [50] ]. Similar to NE-4Cs, C2C12s in TSHSP hydrogel constructs also showed positive myogenic markers consistent with the distribution of cells/cell clusters ( Fig.…”

Recent progress in extrusion 3D bioprinting of hydrogel biomaterials for tissue regeneration: a comprehensive review with focus on advanced fabrication techniques

“…The results of a pre-clinic study confirmed the feasibility of their innovative approach to treating the forms of fecal incontinence that are unresponsive to conservative therapies. As a novel research line, Kim and colleagues have focused on the 3D fabrication of a group of muscle fibers forming a fascicle via EBB conjoined with electrospinning [296][297][298][299][300]. They proposed a new cell-laden scaffold, including macro-sized struts for providing a 3D structural shape, aligned nanofibers, and cell-printed myoblasts.…”

“…In another example of the biomimetic muscle bundle fabrication, analysis of cells exhibited longitudinal cell alignment, high cell infiltration between the microfibers, excellent cell proliferation on the surface, and resulted in a construct mimicking a muscle bundle section [298]. Based on this initial success, they have recently studied the application of this platform for co-culturing HUVECs and C2C12 cells [300]. To be more specific, HUVECs-laden alginate bioink was uniaxially electrospun on the surface of PCL and collagen struts as mechanical supporters by a topographical cue.…”

“…Moreover, the myoblasts, which were seeded on the vascularized structure (HUVECs-laden fibers), were co-cultured to help myoblast regeneration. In comparison to the scaffold that comprised only myoblasts, the construct that included myoblasts and HUVECs expressed a high degree of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) with striated patterns and improved myogenic-specific gene expressions (Figure 7(c)) [300]. Their research has opened a new avenue for combining a novel scaffold design with an innovative cell-printing method to obtain myogenic tissue rehabilitation.…”

Bioengineeredin vitroskeletal muscles as new tools for muscular dystrophies preclinical studies

“…Electrospinning technique has also been used to co-culture C2C12 murine myoblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). 34 To guide the cells and promote their fusion, the authors used Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-leached polycaprolactone (PCL) and collagen struts as mechanical supporters with topographical cues. HUVECs-laden alginate bioink was uniaxially electrospun on these supporters.…”