Micro Magnetic Field Produced by Fe3O4 Nanoparticles in Bone Scaffold for Enhancing Cellular Activity

Abstract

The low cellular activity of poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) limits its application in bone scaffold, although PLLA has advantages in terms of good biocompatibility and easy processing. In this study, superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were incorporated into the PLLA bone scaffold prepared by selective laser sintering (SLS) for continuously and steadily enhancing cellular activity. In the scaffold, each Fe3O4 nanoparticle was a single magnetic domain without a domain wall, providing a micro-magnetic source to generate a tiny magnetic field, thereby continuously and steadily generating magnetic stimulation to cells. The results showed that the magnetic scaffold exhibited superparamagnetism and its saturation magnetization reached a maximum value of 6.1 emu/g. It promoted the attachment, diffusion, and interaction of MG63 cells, and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase, thus promoting the cell proliferation and differentiation. Meanwhile, the scaffold with 7% Fe3O4 presented increased compressive strength, modulus, and Vickers hardness by 63.4%, 78.9%, and 19.1% compared with the PLLA scaffold, respectively, due to the addition of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which act as a nanoscale reinforcement in the polymer matrix. All these positive results suggested that the PLLA/Fe3O4 scaffold with good magnetic properties is of great potential for bone tissue engineering applications.

Progress and prospects of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in biomedical applications: A review

“…246 A number of other studied have also developed MNP-based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. 246,[258][259][260]264,265 Application of magnetic field in responsive scaffolds have shown promising results for nerve regeneration. 249 The substantial effect of applied IONPs in nerve scaffolds was seen in terms of the axonal extension, increase in the neurite outgrowth, and activation of the signaling pathways of neuronal differentiation via direct interaction of SPIONs with proteins.…”

“…and glycosylated SPIONs‐agarose hydrogel 246 . A number of other studied have also developed MNP‐based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications 246,258–260,264,265 . Application of magnetic field in responsive scaffolds have shown promising results for nerve regeneration 249 .…”

“…256 The magnetized scaffolds have attracted increased attention due to their unique features. The magnetic field in magnetized scaffolds is known to influence several key parameters in tissue engineering such as providing a significant bioactive interface, 245 the induction of appropriate cellular mechano-and electro-transduction process, 257 improving the cellular adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, [258][259][260] and vascularization. 261 The IONPs have been utilized in the fabrication of PLGA/ PCL scaffolds to promote bone repair.…”

Engineered Magnetic Nanocomposites to Modulate Cellular Function

“…designed magnetic scaffolds composed of poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA), which were prepared by selective laser sintering, and they were incorporated with 7% Fe 3 O 4 SPIONs. [ 170 ] The constructs exhibited superparamagnetism and a maximum value of saturation magnetization of 6.1 emu g −1 . They promoted the attachment and diffusion of MG63 cells, favoured their proliferation, and prompted enzymatic activity typically occurring during osteogenic differentiation.…”

Nanozyme-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA) for Extracellular Vesicle Detection

“…Iron oxide superparamagnetic nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 MNPs) have attracted considerable scientific interest due to their superparamagnetic properties, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, resulting in a wide range of biomedical and technological applications. For example, Fe 3 O 4 MNPs have been applied in energy storage [ 1 ]; tissue engineering [ 2 ]; protein, DNA, and cell separation from samples [ 3 , 4 ]; biosensing [ 5 ]; drug-delivery and -targeting [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]; and as mediators of heat for cancer therapy (hyperthermia) [ 12 ].…”