“…Reportedly, the replacement of POFA by weight of the binder with volume exceeding 15% reduced the concrete strength, except for the substitution volume limited to 10% or less with an average density [ 25 , 60 , 79 ]. The absolute density of unground POFA is almost 60% lesser than that of OPC due to the porosity of the POFA particle [ 23 , 43 , 60 , 69 ]. Ranjbar et al [ 51 , 64 ] reported that the bulk densities of self-compacting concrete (SCCs) comprising 20%, 15%, and 10% POFA condensed by 5.75%, 4.96%, and 3.68%, correspondingly, in comparison with the reference samples.…”