Micro-CT comparative evaluation of porosity and dentin adaptation of root end filling materials applied with incremental, bulk, and ultrasonic activation techniques

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different application methods on the adaptation to dentin and porosity properties of calcium silicate based materials. This study included 72 maxillary canine teeth that had been extracted for various reasons. Following the root canal treatment, root, end resections were performed on the specimens. After the apicectomy, 3 mm deep cavities were created. All materials were mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Retrograde cavities were filled with RetroMTA [Group 1a–1c], Biodentine [Group 2a–2c] and BioAggregate [Group 3a–3c]. Placement techniques were applied for each material by using incremental, bulk technique and ultrasonic activation, respectively. The samples were scanned with the SkyScan 1272 μCT system. Porosity values were higher in bulk fill and incremental placement techniques than ultrasonic technique when using MTA and BioAggregate ( p < 0.05), but Biodentine showed no statistically significant difference ( p > 0.05) on using different placement techniques. The ultrasonic activation technique is beneficial to improve the condensation quality of MTA and BioAggregate. Biodentine showed better results regardless of different application techniques.

Marginal Adaptation and Porosity of a Novel MTA Brand Applied as Root-End Filling Material: A Micro-CT Study

“…Interestingly, they found a much greater value of CPV% with Biodentine (3.642%) than OPV% [27]. Concerning the CPV% found by us, its value is lower than the findings of some other authors [27,29]. In contrast with our results and all other research, Toia et al [28] reported a minor CPV% of 0.024%.…”

“…In general, Biodentine, probably the most tested CS cement, is suggested to be superior to ProRoot MTA and other new bioceramic materials in terms of interfacial gap volume, internal porosity, and total porosity volume percentage [25,[27][28][29][30][31][32]. Only Jardine et al [27] reported a higher rate of porosity with Biodentine than MTA-Angelus.…”

“…Endosequence BC exhibited the lowest CPV% of 0.039% [32], with these results being significantly lower than ours. Bioaggregate exhibited the highest values of both porosity parameters: an EVV% of 9.42% and a CPV% of 17.62% [29], followed by MTA HP with a TPV% of 10.2% [34], and Retro MTA with an EVV% of 3.86% and a CPV% of 8.25% [29].…”

“…Low porosity and solubility for reparative endodontic cements are desirable to ensure a long-lasting seal and avoid microleakage [29]. These two properties of CSCs may be associated since a higher amount of porosity may occur after immersion in tissue fluids or in various experimental media as a function of the material solubility [35].…”

“…A hydroxyapatite layer is formed during the hydration process of CSCs as a result of the precipitation of calcium and hydroxyl ions. It was suggested that this layer provides chemical bonding between the material and the dentin wall [29]. In fact, a pore structure develops during the cement hydration, thus forming micropores within the material and resulting in the formation of gaps or voids in the cement-to-dentin interface [46,47].…”