Root canal treatment is frequently needed in primary teeth as mostly irreversible pulpal injuries occur as a result of deep dentin caries. Many functional and aesthetic problems can be avoided by keeping the primary teeth in the mouth as a natural space maintainer until the eruption time of the permanent successors. 1 The goals of endodontic treatments are the same as in the permanent teeth. There is the possibility of similar complications such as stripping, perforations, or microcracks during or after endodontic procedures. 1 Studies have reported that the root canals of primary teeth are variable in terms of internal and external anatomy compared with permanent teeth. [2][3][4] In particular, the thickness of the root dentin in the furcation area in the mandibular primary molars is considerably reduced in the distal wall of the mesial

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different application methods on the adaptation to dentin and porosity properties of calcium silicate based materials. This study included 72 maxillary canine teeth that had been extracted for various reasons. Following the root canal treatment, root, end resections were performed on the specimens. After the apicectomy, 3 mm deep cavities were created. All materials were mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Retrograde cavities were filled with RetroMTA [Group 1a–1c], Biodentine [Group 2a–2c] and BioAggregate [Group 3a–3c]. Placement techniques were applied for each material by using incremental, bulk technique and ultrasonic activation, respectively. The samples were scanned with the SkyScan 1272 μCT system. Porosity values were higher in bulk fill and incremental placement techniques than ultrasonic technique when using MTA and BioAggregate ( p < 0.05), but Biodentine showed no statistically significant difference ( p > 0.05) on using different placement techniques. The ultrasonic activation technique is beneficial to improve the condensation quality of MTA and BioAggregate. Biodentine showed better results regardless of different application techniques.

Background. The main goal of our study was to assess the volume of dentin removed and transportation in root canals using ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper Gold (PTG) and One-Curve (OC). Ni-Ti rotary instruments in extracted human teeth using by micro-CT. Methods: Thirty human upper 1st premolar teeth with two separate root canals and sturdy, mature root tips were used in the present study. Specimens were decoronated and root length was standardized for micro CT scanning before root canal preparation done. The teeth were randomly separated into three categories (n = 10) according to the rotary NiTi system used for canal instrumentation, i.e., PTU (Dentsply, Maillefer), PTG (Dentsply, Maillefer), and OC (Micro-Mega SA). After root canal preparation, samples were scanned again on micro-CT by the same scanning parameters. Surface area, canal volume, structure model index (SMI), percentage of uninstrumented area and transportation parameters were obtained for each sample before and after micro-CT analyse. Results: No significant differences between the PTG and PTU in terms of the total volume of removed dentin, surface area and percentage of uninstrumented areas were found. However, regarding to parameters above, OC showed a lower efficacy than PTG and PTU in coronal section. Regarding canal transportation, PTG and OC showed lower mean transportation values at all levels. Conclusion: This paper demonstrated the root canal shaping abilities of the PTU, PTG, and OC NiTi file systems. The PTG and OC systems were associated less canal transportation and a better ability to preserve dentinal walls than PTU. There was no significance different between all rotary file systems for SMI values however, PTU and PTG showed greater canal volume and surface area change than OC file systems in coronal section.

Candida albicans is a microorganism that causes root canal infections. However, it cannot be eliminated with conventional irrigation solutions. Recently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become popular for their superior antimicrobial effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antifungal effect of AgNPs to C. albicans comparing with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction method. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of AgNPs against C. albicans strain were determined according to microdilution method reported by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. C. albicans biofilm layer was formed on the dentin blocks for 10 days. The biofilm structure was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed with one way analysis of variance analysis and group comparisons were performed with Tukey test. AgNPs showed the highest antifungal effect among the groups. 5.25% NaOCl showed the lowest antifungal effect among the groups. While the 2% CHX solution had a statistically lower antifungal effect than AgNPs, it was found to have a higher effect than NaOCl (p < .016). Nanoparticles present a wide research field as an alternative irrigation solution in root canal treatment. The antifungal effect of AgNPs against C. albicans was confirmed in this study. Further in vivo studies should evaluate the conditions of use and long‐term prognosis of AgNPs.

The elimination of endodontic biofilms and the maintenance of a leak-proof canal filling are key aspects of successful root canal treatment. Several materials have been introduced to treat endodontic disease, although treatment success is limited by the features of the biomaterials used. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been increasingly considered in dental applications, especially endodontics, due to their high antimicrobial activity. For the present study, an electronic search was conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Google Scholar, and EMBASE. This review provides insights into the unique characteristics of AgNPs, including their chemical, physical, and antimicrobial properties; limitations; and potential uses. Various studies involving different application methods of AgNPs were carefully examined. Based on previous clinical studies, the synthesis, means of obtaining, usage conditions, and potential cytotoxicity of AgNPs were evaluated. The findings indicate that AgNPs are effective antimicrobial agents for the elimination of endodontic biofilms.