“…The latter (and other so-called “Monte Carlo” modeling methods, such as stochastic agent-based models – see below) have been developed to better account for intrinsic cellular and molecular fluctuations. For example, see our (mostly ODE) models of lymphocyte development – T cell development in the thymus (Mehr et al, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996a,b, 1997, 1998) and homeostasis in peripheral blood (Mehr and Perelson, 1997), and ODE or hybrid models of B cell development and responses (Mehr et al, 2003; Shahaf et al, 2004, 2006, 2010). Stochastic modeling has also been extensively used by several groups, e.g., the Hodgkin group’s “Cyton” model (Lee et al, 2009; Markham et al, 2010; Duffy and Hodgkin, 2012; Duffy et al, 2012).…”