“…The generation of free radicals ( • O 2 – and • OH) during photodegradation was investigated by an ESR method with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as a spin-trapping agent. Meanwhile, the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylmethyl group (oxygen) acts as a spin trap to detect the formation of h + during photodegradation. , As illustrated in Figure b, there is no observable DMPO- • O 2 – signal in the dark. Rather, a notable characteristic signal of DMPO- • O 2 – is discovered after 15 min of visible light irradiation, further proving that the MIS In 2 O 3 -(10:1) heterojunction does create • O 2 – during the degradation of TC by visible light irradiation.…”