MfLIP1, a gene encoding an extracellular lipase of the lipid-dependent fungus Malassezia furfur

Brunke, Sascha; Hube, Bernhard

doi:10.1099/mic.0.28501-0

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Oleic acid in the scalp is produced from the hydrolysis of triglycerides by Malassezia lipases (74). A variety of lipases has been shown to be encoded by M. furfur (35), M. pachydermatis (285), and M. globosa (76). The expression of M. globosa lipases on the scalp of humans has been shown (76), increasing the significance of this observation and supporting a link between clinical observations (75) and experimental data (35,76,285).…”

Section: Seborrheic Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 75%

The Malassezia Genus in Skin and Systemic Diseases

et al. 2012

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SUMMARY In the last 15 years, the genus Malassezia has been a topic of intense basic research on taxonomy, physiology, biochemistry, ecology, immunology, and metabolomics. Currently, the genus encompasses 14 species. The 1996 revision of the genus resulted in seven accepted taxa: M. furfur , M. pachydermatis , M. sympodialis , M. globosa , M. obtusa , M. restricta , and M. slooffiae. In the last decade, seven new taxa isolated from healthy and lesional human and animal skin have been accepted: M. dermatis , M. japonica , M. yamatoensis , M. nana , M. caprae , M. equina , and M. cuniculi. However, forthcoming multidisciplinary research is expected to show the etiopathological relationships between these new species and skin diseases. Hitherto, basic and clinical research has established etiological links between Malassezia yeasts, pityriasis versicolor, and sepsis of neonates and immunocompromised individuals. Their role in aggravating seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff, folliculitis, and onychomycosis, though often supported by histopathological evidence and favorable antifungal therapeutic outcomes, remains under investigation. A close association between skin and Malassezia IgE binding allergens in atopic eczema has been shown, while laboratory data support a role in psoriasis exacerbations. Finally, metabolomic research resulted in the proposal of a hypothesis on the contribution of Malassezia -synthesized aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands to basal cell carcinoma through UV radiation-induced carcinogenesis.

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Section: Seborrheic Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 75%

The Malassezia Genus in Skin and Systemic Diseases

et al. 2012

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“…Some authors attribute this characteristic to lipase activity and propose that it is related to the adaptation of Malassezia spp. to host body regions rich in fatty acids under given conditions (3,12,37,47). Brunke et al described the lipophilic activity of MfLip in M. furfur; this extracellular lipase apparently is involved in cellular growth processes and related to pathogenicity mechanisms (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Atypical Isolates of Malassezia furfur

et al. 2009

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The species constituting the genus Malassezia are considered to be emergent opportunistic yeasts of great importance. Characterized as lipophilic yeasts, they are found in normal human skin flora and sometimes are associated with different dermatological pathologies. We have isolated seven Malassezia species strains that have a different Tween assimilation pattern from the one typically used to differentiate M. furfur, M. sympodialis, and M. slooffiae from other Malassezia species. In order to characterize these isolates of Malassezia spp., we studied their physiological features and conducted morphological and molecular characterization by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing of the 26S and 5.8S ribosomal DNA-internal transcribed spacer 2 regions in three strains from healthy individuals, four clinical strains, and eight reference strains. The sequence analysis of the ribosomal region was based on the Blastn algorithm and revealed that the sequences of our isolates were homologous to M. furfur sequences. To support these findings, we carried out phylogenetic analyses to establish the relationship of the isolates to M. furfur and other reported species. All of our results confirm that all seven strains are M. furfur; the atypical assimilation of Tween 80 was found to be a new physiological pattern characteristic of some strains isolated in Colombia.The genus Malassezia comprises lipophilic yeasts found in the normal flora of human skin and other mammals. These yeasts were described by Eichstedt in 1848 as being associated with pityriasis versicolor (PV) lesions (13). The taxonomy and nomenclature of the genus Malassezia was controversial for many decades. Indeed, until 1990 only three species were recognized: M. furfur, M. sympodialis, and M. pachydermatis, a non-lipid-dependent species (17,21,38 (4,6,11,17,18,20,21,26,34,38,(40)(41)(42).Malassezia species have been associated with diverse dermatological pathologies, including PV, seborrheic dermatitis dandruff, atopic dermatitis, folliculitis, psoriasis, onicomycosis, and blepharitis. M. furfur and M. pachydermatis have been associated with systemic infections in patients with underlying diseases and those receiving intravenous lipid emulsions (6, 7, 9-11, 16, 29, 33, 34).Although the role of Malassezia species in the development of these diseases is not clear, some authors suggest that M. globosa is the causal agent of PV, while others have found a greater percentage of isolates of M. sympodialis associated with the disease. Differences in diagnosis might be due to sampling methods and differences between the culture media used, leading to controversies in clinical studies of these dermatological pathologies (1, 7, 9, 10). New physiological patterns for identification have been described, and recently the availability of molecular biology and sequencing techniques has allowed the species to be distinguished more clearly (17-21). Despite the difficulty in isolating, maintaining, and identifying these yeasts, different characteristics of ...

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“…Recombinant C. albicans aspartic proteases rSap1, rSap2, rSap3, and rSap6 and the Malassezia furfur lipase MfLip1 were expressed as recombinant proteins by use of Pichia pastoris clones, produced in our laboratory (MfLip1) or kindly provided by Michel Monod, Lausanne, Switzerland (Sap1, -2, -3, and -6), as previously described (3,4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inflammatory Response Induced by Aspartic Proteases of Candida albicans Is Independent of Proteolytic Activity

et al. 2010

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The secretion of aspartic proteases (Saps) has long been recognized as a virulence-associated trait of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. In this study, we report that different recombinant Saps, including Sap1, Sap2, Sap3, and Sap6, have differing abilities to induce secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by human monocytes. In particular Sap1, Sap2, and Sap6 significantly induced interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣), and IL-6 production. Sap3 was able to stimulate the secretion of IL-1␤ and TNF-␣. All Saps tested were able to induce Ca 2؉ influx in monocytes. Treatment of these Saps with pepstatin A did not have any effect on cytokine secretion, indicating that their stimulatory potential was independent from their proteolytic activity. The capacity of Saps to induce inflammatory cytokine production was also independent from protease-activated receptor (PAR) activation and from the optimal pH for individual Sap activity. The interaction of Saps with monocytes induced Akt activation and phosphorylation of IB␣, which mediates translocation of NF-B into the nucleus. Overall, these results suggest that individual Sap proteins can induce an inflammatory response and that this phenomenon is independent from the pH of a specific host niche and from Sap enzymatic activity. The inflammatory response is partially dependent on Sap denaturation and is triggered by the Akt/NF-B activation pathway. Our data suggest a novel, activity-independent aspect of Saps during interactions of C. albicans with the host.

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MfLIP1, a gene encoding an extracellular lipase of the lipid-dependent fungus Malassezia furfur

Cited by 53 publications

References 38 publications

The Malassezia Genus in Skin and Systemic Diseases

The Malassezia Genus in Skin and Systemic Diseases

Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Atypical Isolates of Malassezia furfur

The Inflammatory Response Induced by Aspartic Proteases of Candida albicans Is Independent of Proteolytic Activity

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