Metrology and Measurement Systems

Maciejewski, Marcin; Piszczek, Marek; Pomianek, Mateusz; Pałka, Norbert

doi:10.24425/mms.2020.134841

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

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Robustness and static-positional accuracy of the SteamVR 1.0 virtual reality tracking system

et al. 2021

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The use of low-cost immersive virtual reality systems is rapidly expanding. Several studies started to analyse the accuracy of virtual reality tracking systems, but they did not consider in depth the effects of external interferences in the working area. In line with that, this study aimed at exploring the static-positional accuracy and the robustness to occlusions inside the capture volume of the SteamVR (1.0) tracking system. To do so, we ran 3 different tests in which we acquired the position of HTC Vive PRO Trackers (2018 version) on specific points of a grid drawn on the floor, in regular tracking conditions and with partial and total occlusions. The tracking system showed a high inter- and intra-rater reliability and detected a tilted surface with respect to the floor plane. Every acquisition was characterised by an initial random offset. We estimated an average accuracy of 0.5 ± 0.2 cm across the entire grid (XY-plane), noticing that the central points were more accurate (0.4 ± 0.1 cm) than the outer ones (0.6 ± 0.1 cm). For the Z-axis, the measurements showed greater variability and the accuracy was equal to 1.7 ± 1.2 cm. Occlusion response was tested using nonparametric Bland–Altman statistics, which highlighted the robustness of the tracking system. In conclusion, our results promote the SteamVR system for static measures in the clinical field. The computed error can be considered clinically irrelevant for exercises aimed at the rehabilitation of functional movements, whose several motor outcomes are generally measured on the scale of metres.

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Robustness and static-positional accuracy of the SteamVR 1.0 virtual reality tracking system

et al. 2021

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Real and perceived feet orientation under fatiguing and non-fatiguing conditions in an immersive virtual reality environment

et al. 2023

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Lower limbs position sense is a complex yet poorly understood mechanism, influenced by many factors. Hence, we investigated the position sense of lower limbs through feet orientation with the use of Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR). Participants had to indicate how they perceived the real orientation of their feet by orientating a virtual representation of the feet that was shown in an IVR scenario. We calculated the angle between the two virtual feet (α-VR) after a high-knee step-in-place task. Simultaneously, we recorded the real angle between the two feet (α-R) (T1). Hence, we assessed whether the acute fatigue impacted the position sense. The same procedure was repeated after inducing muscle fatigue (T2) and after 10 min from T2 (T3). Finally, we also recorded the time needed to confirm the perceived position before and after the acute fatigue protocol. Thirty healthy adults (27.5 ± 3.8: 57% women, 43% men) were immersed in an IVR scenario with a representation of two feet. We found a mean difference between α-VR and α-R of 20.89° [95% CI: 14.67°, 27.10°] in T1, 16.76° [9.57°, 23.94°] in T2, and 16.34° [10.00°, 22.68°] in T3. Participants spent 12.59, 17.50 and 17.95 s confirming the perceived position of their feet at T1, T2, T3, respectively. Participants indicated their feet as forwarding parallel though divergent, showing a mismatch in the perceived position of feet. Fatigue seemed not to have an impact on position sense but delayed the time to accomplish this task.

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Miniaturization and geometric optimization of SteamVR active optical trackers

Gow

Macshane

Ahmadinia

et al. 2023

Optical Architectures for Displays and Sensing in Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality (AR, VR, MR) IV

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Active tracking enables higher precision in tracking the positions, orientations, and states of the virtualized objects. STEAMVR Lighthouse tracking base-stations can be used for tracking specific objects. However, current solutions are bulky and costly. The overall goal of this research work was to reduce the size and cost of active VR trackers to enable their attachment to ever smaller physical tools and objects to be tracked in the real world and displayed in a virtual reality environment.

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Metrology and Measurement Systems

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Robustness and static-positional accuracy of the SteamVR 1.0 virtual reality tracking system

Robustness and static-positional accuracy of the SteamVR 1.0 virtual reality tracking system

Real and perceived feet orientation under fatiguing and non-fatiguing conditions in an immersive virtual reality environment

Miniaturization and geometric optimization of SteamVR active optical trackers

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