Metrical and Tonal Phonology of Compounds in Two Chinese Dialects

Duanmu, San

doi:10.2307/416163

Cited by 43 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This is consistent with Xu et al's (1982) description, which claimed that trisyllabic sandhi application depends on the "degree of connection" and "habit of usage" rather than the 1+2 or 2+1 structure. Our results run contrary to the metrical analysis of Duanmu (1995), who and semantic transparency ratings after they were arcsine-transformed and centered.…”

Section: Comparison Between Shanghai and Wuxi Tone Sandhi Variationcontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…In addition to Shanghai and Wuxi, the effect of morpheme length on tone sandhi application is also observed in Taiwanese (Duanmu, 1995). Taiwanese tones undergo regular changes in non-phrase-final position (see (1b)).…”

Section: Morpheme Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For trisyllables, Xu et al (1982) claimed that both 1+2 and 2+1 structures can have two forms of sandhi application, while Duanmu (1995) argued that 1+2 items can only apply tonal extension due to a stress clash that would have occurred in the application of partial sandhi. (in press) showed only a small syntactic structure effect in the sandhi application in novel words for Wuxi.…”

Section: Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taiwanese tones undergo regular changes in non-phrase-final position (see (1b)). Since the specific pitch value is not of concern, 59 Duanmu (1995) marked the tones occurring in final position as A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, and those on non-final position as A', B', C', D', E', F' and G'. In (31), the 2+1 structure can only apply right-dominant sandhi, while the 1+2 structure can apply both right-dominant and partial sandhi.…”

Section: Morpheme Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Nature of Variation in Tone Sandhi Patterns of Shanghai and Wuxi Wu

Yan¹

2018

Frontiers in Chinese Linguistics

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The primary goal of this dissertation is to understand the variation patterns in suprasegmental processes and what factors influence the patterns. To answer the questions, we investigated the variation patterns of tone sandhi in the Shanghai and Wuxi Wu dialects of Chinese.Shanghai disyllables and trisyllables have been documented to have two different sandhi patterns: tonal extension and tonal reduction. Some items can only undergo tonal extension, some items can only undergo tonal reduction, and some can variably undergo either type of sandhi. Previous works have indicated that the syntactic structure, semantic transparency, and lexical frequency of the items all play a role in the sandhi application.Additionally, the morpheme length of trisyllabic items (1+2, 2+1) is also expected to affect their sandhi application.A variant forms' goodness rating experiment, together with a lexical frequency rating experiment and a semantic transparency rating experiment, showed that syntactic structure has a primary effect on sandhi application in general. It overrides the effect of semantic transparency, especially in modifier-noun items. The nature of the lexical frequency effect in Shanghai is related to the syntactic structure of the lexical item. Morpheme length effect is not found.Wuxi disyllables and trisyllables also have been observed to have two different sandhi patterns: tonal substitution and no sandhi. Some items can only apply tonal substitution, and some can apply either form variably. Syntactic structure and semantic transparency have been iv reported to affect Wuxi sandhi application, and morpheme length is also expected to have an effect in trisyllabic sandhi application.The three rating experiments conducted in Wuxi found that due to the lexical listedness of the opaque substitution pattern, frequency influences both modifier-noun and verb-noun positively, although modifier-noun prefers tonal substitution form more. Semantic transparency effect is only apparent for verb-noun disyllables. Moreover, morpheme length also distinguishes sandhi application between 1+2 and 2+1 modifier-noun items.In all, by using quantitative rating experiments, the present study shows that tone sandhi variation is regulated by both grammatical factors, such as syntactic structure, morpheme length, phonological opacity, and nongrammatical factors, such as lexical frequency.v

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Section: Comparison Between Shanghai and Wuxi Tone Sandhi Variationcontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Morpheme Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morpheme Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Nature of Variation in Tone Sandhi Patterns of Shanghai and Wuxi Wu

Yan¹

2018

Frontiers in Chinese Linguistics

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“…Phonological analysis. Metrical structure and stress have strong influences on tone sandhi (Wright 1983, Duanmu 1995, Chan 1985, Wang & Lin 2016. Wright (1983) argues that in Fuzhou Chinese and Shanghai Chinese, the weakly stressed syllables are shown to have shortened duration and loss of original tonal contour.…”

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confidence: 99%

A unified approach to Tianjin trisyllabic tone sandhi: Metrical conditions and tonal complexity

Wang

Lin

2017

Proc Ling Soc Amer

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Abstract. Tianjin (Chinese) exhibits complex interactions among its disyllabic tone sandhi rules, leading to both left-to-right and right-to-left rule applications in trisyllabic sequences (cf. Chen 1986, X. Wang 2003. Which directionality to adopt for each particular trisyllabic sequence is arbitrary and cannot be accounted for by any known principles. Based on data from a recent acoustic study, our phonological analysis demonstrates that the seemingly ungoverned directionality is only apparent and that Tianjin tone sandhi rules apply only from left to right when both metrical and tonal complexity conditions are satisfied, thereby providing a unified account.

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Feet and Tonal Reduction at the Word and Phrase Level in Chinese

Yip¹

2004

Optimality Theory in Phonology

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Metrical and Tonal Phonology of Compounds in Two Chinese Dialects

Cited by 43 publications

References 23 publications

The Nature of Variation in Tone Sandhi Patterns of Shanghai and Wuxi Wu

The Nature of Variation in Tone Sandhi Patterns of Shanghai and Wuxi Wu

A unified approach to Tianjin trisyllabic tone sandhi: Metrical conditions and tonal complexity

Feet and Tonal Reduction at the Word and Phrase Level in Chinese

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