Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs from Thailand

Anukool, Usanee; O’Neill, Colette; Butr-Indr, Bordin; Hawkey, Peter M.; Gaze, William H.; Wellington, Elizabeth M. H.

doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.02.018

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…In five publications from Thailand, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was investigated in pigs and pork meat [89,90,91,92,93]. In one study, a total of 104 pig farms were investigated for MRSA, alongside farmers and the farms′ environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production in Southeast Asia: A Review

et al. 2016

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Southeast Asia is an area of great economic dynamism. In recent years, it has experienced a rapid rise in the levels of animal product production and consumption. The region is considered to be a hotspot for infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We reviewed English-language peer-reviewed publications related to antimicrobial usage (AMU) and AMR in animal production, as well as antimicrobial residues in meat and fish from 2000 to 2016, in the region. There is a paucity of data from most countries and for most bacterial pathogens. Most of the published work relates to non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Campylobacter spp. (mainly from Vietnam and Thailand), Enterococcus spp. (Malaysia), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Thailand). However, most studies used the disk diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; breakpoints were interpreted using Clinical Standard Laboratory Institute (CSLI) guidelines. Statistical models integrating data from publications on AMR in NTS and E. coli studies show a higher overall prevalence of AMR in pig isolates, and an increase in levels of AMR over the years. AMU studies (mostly from Vietnam) indicate very high usage levels of most types of antimicrobials, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and quinolones. This review summarizes information about genetic determinants of resistance, most of which are transferrable (mostly plasmids and integrons). The data in this review provide a benchmark to help focus research and policies on AMU and AMR in the region.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production in Southeast Asia: A Review

et al. 2016

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“…LA-MRSA CC9 isolates with NT SCCmec cassettes also have been described in Taiwan [78,137,138], and recently a novel SCCmec type with ccrAB type 1 and mec class C was found in ST9-t337 from Thailand [136]. Moreover, distribution of the different spa types also is country related: t899 predominates in China [139,140] and Hong Hong [141,144], t4358 in Malaysia [135], and t337 in Thailand [76,136]; however, other related spa types (such as t2922) have been found in LA-MRSA CC9 [140].…”

Section: Evolution Of La-mrsa In Asiamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The prevalence of CC9, the most prevalent MRSA lineage among pigs, varies widely: 1.4 % in Malaysia [135], 10 % in Thailand [136], 4 to 13.9 % in Taiwan [137,138], 11.4 to 14.7 % in China [139,140], and 21.3 % in Hong Kong [141]. However, a recent study found a high nasal rate (40 %) of MRSA CC9 among pigs in Thailand [142].…”

Section: Evolution Of La-mrsa In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LA-MRSA ST9 isolates carry different types of SCCmec depending on the country: types IV and V in Taiwan [78]; types III and IVb in China [139,140]; type IV, IVb, or V in Hong Kong [141,144,145]; type V in Malaysia [135]; and type IX in Thailand [142,146]. LA-MRSA CC9 isolates with NT SCCmec cassettes also have been described in Taiwan [78,137,138], and recently a novel SCCmec type with ccrAB type 1 and mec class C was found in ST9-t337 from Thailand [136]. Moreover, distribution of the different spa types also is country related: t899 predominates in China [139,140] and Hong Hong [141,144], t4358 in Malaysia [135], and t337 in Thailand [76,136]; however, other related spa types (such as t2922) have been found in LA-MRSA CC9 [140].…”

Section: Evolution Of La-mrsa In Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Livestock-Associated MRSA and Its Current Evolution

Butaye

Argudín

Smith

2016

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

116

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Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) is a relatively recent phenomenon in veterinary medicine. Although in the beginning it was restricted to a single clonal complex (CC), CC398, it has expanded into several clonal complexes, and the diversity of subtypes in the clonal complexes is increasing also. The prevalence of each type is determined somewhat geographically; for instance, the most prevalent clonal complex in Europe is CC398, whereas in Asia, it is CC9. Although few data exist regarding North America, the situation appears to be mixed there. The SCCmec cassettes detected in LA-MRSA are limited mainly to SCCmec IVa and SCCmec V, although non-typeable cassettes and SCCmec type XI, containing mecC, also have been found.The source of the SCCmec in LA-MRSA was discovered to be animals. In searching from which bacteria the SCCmec cassettes in LA-MRSA have been transferred, the most obvious species to consider are the methicillin-resistant non-S. aureus staphylococci (MRNaS). However, very few data are available from those species in animals, and the data that do exist are not detailed enough to determine the origin. Nevertheless, similar cassettes were found in MRNaS, indicating a possible origin that needs to be investigated further.

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“…During further investigations on the European continent, MRSA-positive pig farms were found in Belgium (22), Croatia (49), Denmark (63), and Portugal (83) with prevalences of 16.7 to 100%. Beyond Europe, MRSA also was isolated from pigs in primary production in Canada (56,116), the United States (70,93), Peru (5), and several Asian countries (3,7,23,55,61,64,101,111). Table 2 summarizes available publications, including re spective sample sizes and detection rates.…”

Section: Mrsa Prevalence In Pig Primary Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Pig to Pork: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Pork Production Chain

Lassok

Tenhagen

2013

Journal of Food Protection

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major global public health concern and could be a food safety issue. Recurrent reports have documented that pig herds are an important reservoir for MRSA, specifically the livestock-associated sequence type 398. The high prevalence of MRSA in pig primary production facilities and the frequent detection of MRSA of the same types in pork and pig meat products raise the question of underlying mechanisms behind the introduction and transmission of MRSA along the pork production chain. A comprehensive review of current literature on the worldwide presence of livestock-associated MRSA in various steps of the pork production chain revealed that the slaughter process plays a decisive role in MRSA transmission from farm to fork. Superficial heat treatments such as scalding and flaming during the slaughter process can significantly reduce the burden of MRSA on the carcasses. However, recontamination with MRSA might occur via surface treating machinery, as a result of fecal contamination at evisceration, or via increased human handling during meat processing. By optimizing processes for carcass decontamination and avoiding recontamination by effective cleaning and personal hygiene management, transmission of MRSA from pig to pork can be minimized.

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Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in pigs from Thailand

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production in Southeast Asia: A Review

Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production in Southeast Asia: A Review

Livestock-Associated MRSA and Its Current Evolution

From Pig to Pork: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Pork Production Chain

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