Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production in Southeast Asia: A Review

Nhung, Nguyen Thi; Cương, Nguyễn Văn; Thwaites, Guy; Carrique-Mas, Juan

doi:10.3390/antibiotics5040037

Cited by 141 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(202 reference statements)

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“…The levels of AMR presented here are largely similar to those in previous studies on E. coli isolated from animals in Southeast Asia, according to a recent review by Nhung et al [18]. The highest frequencies of resistance in isolates from both small- and medium-scale farms were found against tetracycline, followed by ampicillin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Antimicrobial use and antimicrobial susceptibility in Escherichia coli on small- and medium-scale pig farms in north-eastern Thailand

Ström

Halje

Karlsson

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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BackgroundIntensification of livestock production seen in many low- and middle-income countries is often believed to be associated with increased use of antimicrobials, and may hence contribute to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to map antimicrobial use on small- (n = 25) and medium-scale (n = 27) pig farms in north-eastern Thailand, and to compare antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from sows on these farms.MethodsInformation regarding pig husbandry and antimicrobial treatment regimens was obtained by the use of semi-structured questionnaires. Faecal samples were collected from three healthy sows at each farm, and Escherichia coli was cultured and analysed for antimicrobial susceptibility using the broth microdilution method. Multilevel regression models were used to compare antimicrobial susceptibility between isolates from small- and medium-scale farms.ResultsAll farms included in the study administered antimicrobials to their sows. Small-scale farmers most commonly (64%) decided themselves when to give antimicrobials and the majority (60%) bought the medicines at the local store or pharmacy, whereas farmers on medium-scale farms always discussed antimicrobial treatment with a veterinarian. Medium-scale farms used a greater diversity of antimicrobials than small-scale farms and did also administer antimicrobials in feed to a higher extent. High levels of antimicrobial resistance to several critically important antimicrobials for human medicine (including ciprofloxacin, streptomycin and ampicillin) were found in isolates from both small- and medium-scale farms. Resistance levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in isolates from medium-scale farms for several of the antimicrobials tested, as well as the level of multidrug-resistance (P = 0.026).ConclusionThe routines regarding access and administration of antimicrobials differed between the small- and medium-scale farms. Although the level of antimicrobial resistance, as well as multidrug-resistance, was higher in isolates from medium-scale farms, it cannot be concluded if this increase is a consequence of a more abundant use of antimicrobials, or a result of differences in administration routines.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Antimicrobial use and antimicrobial susceptibility in Escherichia coli on small- and medium-scale pig farms in north-eastern Thailand

Ström

Halje

Karlsson

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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“…Approximately half of these colonization isolates had MLSTs detected among food, and a substantial portion were more likely to produce CTX-M-55 and be amphenicol resistant than colonization isolates that grouped separately. The fact that chloramphenicol has not been used in human medicine for almost 20 years in Cambodia, yet chloramphenicol analogs (e.g., florfenicol, thiamphenicol) are administered to food animals ( 5 , 7 ), suggests a food origin for these colonizing isolates.…”

Section: The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Meat and Fish as Sources of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli, Cambodia

Nadimpalli¹,

Vuthy²,

Lauzanne³

et al. 2019

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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We compared extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Escherichia coli isolates from meat and fish, gut-colonized women, and infected patients in Cambodia. Nearly half of isolates from women were phylogenetically related to food-origin isolates; a subset had identical multilocus sequence types, extended-spectrum β-lactamase types, and antimicrobial resistance patterns. Eating sun-dried poultry may be an exposure route.

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“…For example, there are few if any published quantitative data on antibiotic use in Thai livestock production, 7 even though Thailand is a major exporter of chicken meat. Complex economic, political and social barriers probably exist to the surveillance of antibiotic use in livestock raised in low- and middle-income countries 8 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic use in poultry: a survey of eight farms in Thailand

Wongsuvan

Wuthiekanun

Hinjoy

et al. 2017

Bull. World Health Organ.

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ObjectiveTo investigate antibiotic use in poultry farms in Thailand and estimate the total amount of antibiotics used annually in Thai production of chicken meat.MethodsIn a single province, we surveyed eight farms in which chickens were raised for meat and interviewed the farms’ owners in 2016. The antibiotic use for each chicken was defined as the amount of antibiotic given to the chicken over its entire lifetime divided by the target weight of the chicken at the time of its slaughter. Assuming that the results were nationally representative, we estimated annual antibiotic use on all Thai chickens raised for meat.FindingsNo use of antibiotics for growth promotion was reported. Five farms raised 1-kg chickens for company A and reportedly used no antibiotics unless the chickens were sick. The other three farms raised 3-kg chickens for company B and reported routine use of antibiotics for prophylaxis. Per kg final weight, each chicken raised for company B was reportedly routinely given a mean of 101 mg of antibiotics – that is, 33 mg of amoxicillin, 29 mg colistin, 19 mg oxytetracycline, 18 mg doxycycline and 2 mg tilmicosin. The total amount of antibiotic used on all Thai chickens raised for meat in 2016 was estimated to be 161 tonnes.ConclusionEach year in Thailand, many tonnes of antibiotics are probably routinely used in raising chickens for meat. Labels on retail packs of meat should include data on antibiotic use in the production of the meat.

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Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Production in Southeast Asia: A Review

Cited by 141 publications

References 107 publications

Antimicrobial use and antimicrobial susceptibility in Escherichia coli on small- and medium-scale pig farms in north-eastern Thailand

Antimicrobial use and antimicrobial susceptibility in Escherichia coli on small- and medium-scale pig farms in north-eastern Thailand

Meat and Fish as Sources of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing Escherichia coli, Cambodia

Antibiotic use in poultry: a survey of eight farms in Thailand

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