Methylphenidate and information processing. part 1: Differentiation between responders and nonresponders; part 2: Efficacy in responders

Sonneville, Leo de; Njiokiktjien, C; Bos, Henny

doi:10.1080/01688639408402700

Cited by 75 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…While no evidence was found for deficits in acquired automatic processing (Van der Meere & Sergeant, 1988), most studies have demonstrated deficits in controlled processing in school-aged children with ADHD (Borcherding et al, 1988;De Sonneville, Njiokiktjen, & Bos, 1994;Nigg, Hinshaw, Carte, & Treuting, 1998). However, a recent study did not find support for a deficit in controlled processing in children with ADHD (Hazell et al, 1999).…”

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confidence: 69%

Low‐ and high‐level controlled processing in executive motor control tasks in 5–6‐year‐old children at risk of ADHD

Kalff¹,

Sonneville²,

Hurks³

et al. 2003

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background: The scant research on the characteristics of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in kindergarten years curtails progress on early assessment of ADHD. Method: By screening a general population sample of 1317 five-to six-year-old children, four groups of children were selected. The performance of 30 children later diagnosed with ADHD was compared with 74 children later diagnosed with Ôborderline ADHDÕ (children exhibiting all ADHD symptoms but without disruptions on two situations), 113 children later diagnosed with other psychopathology, and 126 healthy controls on computerised motor control tasks involving low-and high-level controlled processing. In addition, motor control was compared with movement speed. Results: The children at risk of ADHD were in general less accurate and more variable in their movements than the children with other psychopathology and healthy controls. Under conditions of high-level controlled processing, the children at risk of ADHD were disproportionately more inaccurate and had a more unstable performance with their preferred hand than the other children. In addition, linear effects were found, with the children at risk of ADHD having the worst performance, followed by the children with Ôborderline ADHDÕ, and then both groups of control children. No significant group differences were found in movement speed. Conclusions: The main findings are interpreted as evidence for a specific deficit in high-level controlled processing in young children at risk of ADHD, now found in a motor task, rather than a response task. Furthermore, the results support the notion that ADHD represents a dimensional trait. In addition, problems in movement control (the need to allocate attentional capacity) rather than problems in movement speed distinguish children at risk of ADHD from other children. The findings are interpreted as evidence that higher-order executive processes, such as self-control and self-regulation, are already affected early in the development of ADHD.

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confidence: 69%

Low‐ and high‐level controlled processing in executive motor control tasks in 5–6‐year‐old children at risk of ADHD

Kalff¹,

Sonneville²,

Hurks³

et al. 2003

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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“…Controlled linguistic response selection results in longer response organization times and may detect an ADHD deficit (de Sonneville, Njiokiktjien, & Bos, 1994), but use of this principle in neuropsychological assessment has not, to our knowledge, been undertaken. Indeed, language impairment may be best detected on self-paced tasks that vary with regard to degree of attention demand (de Sonneville et al, 1994) and instructional set (i.e., careful vs. fast; Sergeant & Scholten, 1985).…”

Section: Utility Of Controlled Processing Self-paced Tasks With Fastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological functioning, motor speed, and language processing in boys with and without ADHD

Carte

Nigg

Hinshaw

1996

J Abnorm Child Psychol

190

121

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We administered a neuropsychological battery to boys aged 6 to 12 years old diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 51) and to comparison boys of the same age range (n = 31). Boys with ADHD had greater difficulty than comparison youngsters on nonautomated language and motor tasks administered with a fast instructional set and on one of two traditional frontal executive measures (Porteus mazes). When tasks requiring automatic processing were paired with similar tasks requiring greater use of selective attention processes, the latter, controlled processing tasks differentiated groups better than did automated tasks. This differential effect of otherwise similar tasks is interpreted in terms of an output deficit mediated by response organization as detailed in the information processing literature. The ADHD group also exhibited slow gross motor output, measured independently of verbal output. The findings are evaluated in terms of both Luria's (1973) tripartite model of neurocognitive organization and frontal striatal models, with an emphasis on output processes. The observed language deficits could represent frontal lobe processes intricately related to self-monitoring and planning. The utility of controlled processing, self-paced tasks with fast instructional sets in assessing language and motor skills in ADHD is highlighted.

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“…Given the multifaceted nature of attention (Colby 1991) and the involvement of a number of brain structures and systems in regulating attention (e.g., Mirsky et al 1991;Posner and Cohen 1987;Stuss et al 1995), it is possible that methylphenidate may affect certain components of attention differently. This was examined in a recent study using an information processing approach to study attention, which showed that while children with ADHD differed from controls at all stages of processing, methylphenidate had a greater effect on speed and accuracy for later (e.g., decision making, response organization) than earlier processing components (e.g., encoding; de Sonneville et al 1994). This study also suggested the utility of a temporal approach to study attention in children with ADHD.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Methylphenidate on Attention in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ERP Evidence

Sunohara

Malone

Rovet³

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

109

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Methylphenidate is the most common treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common pediatric psychiatric disorder (Swanson et al. 1995), with an estimated childhood prevalence of 9% in boys and 3% in girls (Szatmari et al. 1989). Surface symptoms of inattentiveness and impulsivity (Shue and Douglas 1992;Shaywitz and Shaywitz 1988) are often, though not invariably, accompanied by hyperactivity (Gittelman and Mannuzza 1985). ADHD is highly heterogeneous with several distinct subtypes and often comorbid with learning, anxiety, and conduct problems. During childhood, ADHD is associated with greater risk of low academic achievement, grade failure, delinquency (Barkley 1997) and during adulthood, with psychiatric disorders and substance abuse (Wender 1987). Stimulant medication, primarily methylphenidate, is the most common treatment for ADHD. Because methylphenidate may be associated with altered neurotransmitter levels (Mefford and Potter 1989; Voeller 1991), several investigators have attributed ADHD to a neuroFrom the Novartis Pharmaceuticals Canada Inc., (GAS), Dorval, Quebec, Canada; and The Hospital for Sick Children, Divisions of Neurology (MAM, TH, WR, MJT) and Psychology Research (JR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Address correspondence to: Dr. Molly A. Malone, Child Development Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.Received August 26, 1998; revised December 30, 1998; accepted February 05, 1999. N EUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 1999 -VOL . 21 , NO . 2 Methylphenidate and Attention in ADHD Children 219 chemical imbalance in catecholarnine regulation (Malone et al. 1994;McCracken 1991;Pliszka et al. 1996).Methylphenidate effectively reduces hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention in 60-90% of children diagnosed with ADHD (Whalen and Henker, 1991). Improved social skills and school performance have also been documented (e.g., Swanson et al. 1995). However, the optimal dosages have not yet been established and clinical anecdotal descriptions report some children as becoming overfocused, cognitively constricted, introverted, and "zombie-like" on higher doses (Swanson et al. 1991; Thurston et al. 1979). These descriptions are not consistently substantiated by empirical studies, however, which show both linear improvements with dose (Douglas et al. 1995;Solanto and Wender 1989) and adverse effects of high dose levels (Dyme et al. 1982;Malone et al. 1988;Sprague and Sleator 1977). A recent study by Tannock and Schachar (1992) has shown opposing effects of a high dose level at different test sessions with children making more perseverative errors in the first session and fewer in the second, while another study by this same group reported that despite clinical observations of overfocusing, measured attention performance was not affected by a high dose (Tannock et al. 1989).Children with ADHD are thought to have a primary attentional deficit in inhibitory (Barkley 1994;Schachar ...

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Methylphenidate and information processing. part 1: Differentiation between responders and nonresponders; part 2: Efficacy in responders

Cited by 75 publications

References 42 publications

Low‐ and high‐level controlled processing in executive motor control tasks in 5–6‐year‐old children at risk of ADHD

Low‐ and high‐level controlled processing in executive motor control tasks in 5–6‐year‐old children at risk of ADHD

Neuropsychological functioning, motor speed, and language processing in boys with and without ADHD

Effect of Methylphenidate on Attention in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) ERP Evidence

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