Abstract:From 15 May to 15 December 1994, 2943 patients suspected of having contact dermatitis (1955 women, 988 men) were patch tested with methyldibromoglutaronitrile 0.3%, 0.1% and 0.05% pet. 119 patients (4.0%; women 4.1%), men 3.8%) proved to be allergic. 71% of the reactions were considered to be relevant. In 2/3 of the patients, causative products were cosmetics, in 1/3 moistened toilet tissues. Testing with methyldibromoglutaronitrile at lower concentrations (0.05% and 0.1%) and with commercial allergens (Euxyl®… Show more
“…Since then, allergic contact dermatitis has been reported from MDBGN in different products such as soap, cleansing milk, shampoos, moisturizers, ultrasonic gel, moistened toilet paper, sunscreen lotion, detergents, and eye gel. de Groot et al showed an increase in the frequency of positive test reactions to MDBGN in the Netherlands from 0.5% in 1991 to 4% in 1994 (79). Similarly, the levels of patch test sensitivity to MDBGN increased from 0.7% in 1991 to 3.5% in 2000 in a European multicentre analysis (57).…”
Contact dermatitis can be severe and lead to sick leave as well as significant healthcare expenses. The aim of this review is to present the published knowledge on 6 historical epidemics of contact allergy to apply this knowledge on the prevention and control of future contact allergy epidemics. A historical review is performed on nickel, chromium, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, methyldibromo glutaronitrile, formaldehyde, and para-phenylenediamine. The first cases of contact dermatitis are mostly occupational, whereas consumer cases appear later. There is often a latency period from the first cases are observed until an epidemic occurs, and the problem is recognized. Finally, no one seems to take responsibility of dealing with the situation, and there are no attempts of regulation until an epidemic is consolidated among consumers for many years. Steps should be taken to prevent contact allergy epidemics. It is essential that dermatologist, scientists, administrators, and consumers organize and structure known methods to accelerate the control of emerging contact allergens.
“…Since then, allergic contact dermatitis has been reported from MDBGN in different products such as soap, cleansing milk, shampoos, moisturizers, ultrasonic gel, moistened toilet paper, sunscreen lotion, detergents, and eye gel. de Groot et al showed an increase in the frequency of positive test reactions to MDBGN in the Netherlands from 0.5% in 1991 to 4% in 1994 (79). Similarly, the levels of patch test sensitivity to MDBGN increased from 0.7% in 1991 to 3.5% in 2000 in a European multicentre analysis (57).…”
Contact dermatitis can be severe and lead to sick leave as well as significant healthcare expenses. The aim of this review is to present the published knowledge on 6 historical epidemics of contact allergy to apply this knowledge on the prevention and control of future contact allergy epidemics. A historical review is performed on nickel, chromium, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone, methyldibromo glutaronitrile, formaldehyde, and para-phenylenediamine. The first cases of contact dermatitis are mostly occupational, whereas consumer cases appear later. There is often a latency period from the first cases are observed until an epidemic occurs, and the problem is recognized. Finally, no one seems to take responsibility of dealing with the situation, and there are no attempts of regulation until an epidemic is consolidated among consumers for many years. Steps should be taken to prevent contact allergy epidemics. It is essential that dermatologist, scientists, administrators, and consumers organize and structure known methods to accelerate the control of emerging contact allergens.
“…Later, the local lymph node assay (LLNA) and cumulative contact enhancement test showed that multiple topical applications of methyldibromo glutaronitrile resulted in sensitization [26]. Surveillance data showed in the late 1990s that the prevalence of contact allergy to methyldibromo glutaronitrile increased as its use gradually became more widespread in European cosmetic products and toiletries [5,9,[27][28][29]. The prevalence of contact allergy to methyldibromo glutaronitrile in Europe increased from 0.7% in 1991 to 3.5% in 2000 in consecutive patch-tested patients with contact dermatitis [9].…”
Section: Contact Allergy To Methyldibromo Glutaronitrilementioning
Abstract:Although preservatives are necessary to prevent deterioration by microbial growth in cosmetic products, daily skin contact with preserved cosmetic products may cause a preservative contact allergy. Only preservatives with sufficient pre-market risk assessment, presumably being safe for the consumer from a public health point of view, are permitted for use in cosmetic products in the European Union. Notwithstanding the efforts by the European Commission (EC) to avoid epidemics of contact allergy, the former epidemic of contact allergy to methyldibromo glutaronitrile and the unprecedented epidemic of contact allergy to methylisothiazolinone show the procrastination of the European Union risk management process for cosmetic ingredients. Timely risk management is of the utmost importance to avoid rapidly increasing numbers of contact allergy to turn into full-blown epidemics. It is therefore proposed that in order to avoid future epidemics of contact allergy to preservatives, the allowed preservatives in cosmetic products should be entered onto Annex V on a time-limited basis only, and they must be re-evaluated in order to stay on Annex V.
“…However, this prevalence increased in 1994 [22] to 4% in a multicentre investigation of 2,943 patients tested with MDBGN 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.3% pet., soy lecithin 5% being added to obtain homogeneous dispersions.…”
Section: Frequency Of Contact Sensitisation To Euxyl K400mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They had repeatedly used moistened toilet tissue, this habit presumably being the cause of their sensitisation. In 1994, De Groot et al [22] reviewed 2,943 patients suspected of having contact dermatitis and patch tested with MDBGN. Approximately one third (30 patients) of the relevant positive patch tests (84 patients) had moistened toilet tissue as their cause.…”
Section: Contact Allergy To Euxyl K400 In Cosmetics and Skin Creamsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In 1994, the Dutch Contact Dermatitis Group [22] performed a multicentre investigation of 2,943 patients and tested with MDBGN 0.3, 0.1 and 0.05% pet. They concluded that test concentrations equal to and less than 0.1% resulted in false-negative results and proposed that the optimal test concentration for MDBGN may be 0.3-0.5%.…”
Methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN) was introduced to the European market in 1985, as a preservative for cosmetics, toiletries and industrial products. Since its introduction 17 years ago, studies both in Europe and North America have highlighted it as an increasing new allergen especially in cosmetics. In industry, as MDBGN supersedes isothiazolinones in a wide range of products, its emergence as an important allergen in occupational contact dermatitis becomes more apparent. Dermatologists in the UK need to be aware of this rising new allergen and that the dermatitis can affect not only the head and neck region but also the perianal skin or hands when due to cosmetics, toiletries or industrial products, respectively.
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