Methylation of PhoP by CheR Regulates Salmonella Virulence

Abstract

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play an important role in regulating enzyme activities, protein-protein interactions, or DNA-protein recognition and, consequently, modulate many biological functions. We demonstrated that PhoP, the response regulator of PhoP/PhoQ two-component system, could be methylated on several evolutionally conserved amino acid residues.

Arginine GlcNAcylation and Activity Regulation of PhoP by a Type III Secretion System Effector in Salmonella

“…In addition to being modified by phosphorylation and Arg-GlcNAcylation, PhoP also processes other post-translational modifications, such as acetylation and methylation, which impairs the PhoP DNA-binding ability, thereby attenuating the virulence of S . Typhimurium ( Ren et al, 2016 , 2017 , 2019 ; Su et al, 2021 ). Interestingly, we also observed the Arg-GlcNAcylation of OmpR ( Supplementary Table 4 ).…”

“…The electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) was performed as described previously ( Su et al, 2021 ). Briefly, EMSAs were performed using the purified PhoP or its variants and DNA probe 6′FAM labeled phoP promoter.…”

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alters Peptidoglycan Composition under Nutrient Conditions Resembling Cystic Fibrosis Lung Infections

“…Methylation on either the 2nd position glutamate, m DAP, or the terminal alanine has been documented in Mycobacterium smegmatis PG ( 91 ); however, the biological function of this modification is unknown. Bacterial outer membrane proteins are known to be posttranslationally methylated, and these modifications are important for virulence ( 92 , 93 ). The increase of the O-methylated stem peptides in SCFM (3.11- to 6.86-fold) indicates it has a role during P. aeruginosa infection.…”

Arginine methylation sites on SepIVA help balance elongation and septation of the cell wall inMycobacterium smegmatis

“…Protein arginine methylation has been identified using mass spectrometry in E. coli (24) mycobacteria (25) and Salmonella (26). Arginine methylation sites have been shown in vitro to affect DNA binding of transcription factors in Salmonella (26) and mycobacteria (27).…”

“…Arginine methylation is known to be involved in various cell functions in eukaryotes, such as membrane association, protein transport, DNA binding and protein-protein interactions (Biggar and Li, 2015; Raposo and Piller, 2018). Protein arginine methylation has been identified using mass spectrometry in E. coli (Zhang et al ., 2018), mycobacteria (Sakatos et al ., 2018) and Salmonella (Su et al ., 2021). Arginine methylation sites have been shown in vitro to affect DNA binding of transcription factors in Salmonella (Su et al ., 2021) and mycobacteria (Singhal et al ., 2020).…”