Methyl farnesoate and juvenile hormone III in normal and precocene treated embryos of the ovoviviparous cockroach<i>Nauphoeta cinerea</i>

Brüning, E.; Saxer, Andreas; Lanzrein, Beatrice

doi:10.1080/01688170.1985.10510155

Cited by 39 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In D. punctata and N. cinerea, my findings of the days of DC and the length of embryogenesis are consistent with previous reports (Stay et al, 2002;Brüning et al, 1985). DC occurred at 47- 57% of embryogenesis across all cockroach species except D. punctata, which was similar to the 48-60% reported for other hemimetablous insects (Truman and Riddiford, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This was in N. cinerea at 40% post-dorsal closure (Brüning et al, 1985;Holbrook et al, 1998), but at 65% post-dorsal closure time in D. punctata. It was reported that the JH III titer peaks in embryos after 35 to 40 days of embryo development time in the B. orientalis as would be predicted under conditions used in this investigation (Short and Edwards, 1992).…”

Section: Radiochemical Assaymentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Results in insects also provide some evidence that MF has a JH-like function. It induces vitellogenin synthesis and oocyte growth in decapitated adult females of N. cinerea (Brüning et al, 1985). However, preliminary experiments using 3 Hlabelled methyl farnesoate indicated there is no, or only very little, conversion of MF into JH III in N. cinerea adults, larvae, and embryos (Brüning and Lanzrein, 1987;Lanzrein et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Juvenile hormone and methyl farnesoate production in cockroach embryos in relation to dorsal closure and the reproductive modes of different species of cockroaches

2007

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Juvenile hormone (JH), produced by the corpora allata (CA), is first detectable after dorsal closure, a conspicuous event in embryogenesis. The present research found that the timing of dorsal closure was consistently at about 45% of the total embryonic development time across most of the oviparous and ovoviviparous cockroach species examined. These included the ovoviviparous cockroaches Blaberus discoidalis, Byrsotria fumigata, Rhyparobia maderae, Nauphoeta cinerea, Phoetalia pallida, Schultesia lampyridiformis, and Panchlora nivea, as well as the oviparous cockroaches Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Eurycotis floridana, and Supella longipalpa. However, the only known viviparous cockroach Diploptera punctata completed dorsal closure at 20.8% of embryo development time. Methyl farnesoate (MF), the immediate precursor of JH III, is considered a functional molecule in crustaceans; however, in insects its function is still unclear. To understand the role of JH and MF in cockroach embryos, I compared JH and MF biosynthesis and release in several cockroach species of known phylogenetic relationships. Using a radiochemical assay, the present research showed that cockroach embryos representing all three reproductive modes produced and released both JH and MF, as previously shown for B. germanica, N. cinerea, and D. punctata. Members of a pair of embryonic CA from B. discoidalis, B. fumigata, R. maderae, and D. punctata were incubated with and without farnesol. MF accumulated in large amounts only in CA of R. maderae in the presence of farnesol, which indicates that control of the last step of biosynthesis of JH, conversion of MF into JH by MF epoxidase, is probably a rate-limiting step in this species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Radiochemical Assaymentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Juvenile hormone and methyl farnesoate production in cockroach embryos in relation to dorsal closure and the reproductive modes of different species of cockroaches

2007

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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“…JH is present throughout the nymphal stages of hemimetabolous insects but disappears in the final instar to allow adult differentiation (12,13). JH treatment of Oncopeltus at the onset of the fifth instar prevents adult differentiation, resulting in a supernumerary sixth-stage nymph (14).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pupal specifier broad directs progressive morphogenesis in a direct-developing insect

Erezyilmaz

Riddiford

Truman

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

112

135

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A key regulatory gene in metamorphosing (holometabolous) insect life histories is the transcription factor broad (br), which specifies pupal development. To determine the role of br in a directdeveloping (hemimetabolous) insect that lacks a pupal stage, we cloned br from the milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Of'br). We find that, unlike metamorphosing insects, in which br expression is restricted to the larval-pupal transition, Of'br mRNA is expressed during embryonic development and is maintained at each nymphal molt but then disappears at the molt to the adult. Induction of a supernumerary nymphal stage with a juvenile hormone (JH) mimic prevented the disappearance of br mRNA. In contrast, induction of a precocious adult molt by application of precocene II to third-stage nymphs caused a loss of br mRNA at the precocious adult molt. Thus, JH is necessary to maintain br expression during the nymphal stages. Injection of Of'br dsRNA into either early third-or fourthstage nymphs caused a repetition of stage-specific pigmentation patterns and prevented the normal anisometric growth of the wing pads without affecting isometric growth or molting. Therefore, br is necessary for the mutable (heteromorphic) changes that occur during hemimetabolous development. Our results suggest that metamorphosis in insects arose as expression of br, which conveys competence for change, became restricted to one postembryonic instar. After this shift in br expression, the progressive changes that occur within the nymphal series in basal insects became compressed to the one short period of morphogenesis seen in the larva-to-pupa transition of holometabolous insects.evolution of metamorphosis ͉ heteromorphosis ͉ Oncopeltus ͉ juvenile hormone ͉ allometry L ife history strategies are highly plastic within animal phyla; some groups develop directly, whereas related taxa pass through a metamorphosis. Regulation of stage-specific differences may be under either environmental or hormonal control, but relatively little is known of the molecular switches involved or how changes in the timing of these switches can lead to evolutionary change (1). In insects, metamorphosis arose once from a direct-developing ancestor Ϸ300 million years ago (2). A key regulatory gene in metamorphosing (holometabolous) insect life histories is the transcription factor broad (br) (3-7). In both moths and flies, epidermal expression of br is restricted to the larval-pupal transition (3, 5-7), and its expression at this time is required for activation of pupal-specific gene expression, as well as suppression of larval-and adult-specific gene expression (3, 7). Accordingly, Drosophila null mutants never enter the pupal stage; instead, they remain in a prolonged larval state (8). In addition, gynander larvae mosaic for br null and br ϩ tissue produced mosaic larval and pupal tissue, respectively, at the larval-pupal transition (9). Loss of br also prevents the larvalpupal transition in the silkmoth; tissues that were transformed with a vector driving br RNA interferenc...

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“…19,20) A small amount of methyl farnesoate, a precursor of JH III, was found in cockroach embryos and larvae. [20][21][22] Methyl farnesoate has also been identified in crustaceans 23) and is thought to have a JH-like action in female reproduction. 24) 12Ј-OH JH III identified from the corpora allata of the African locust Locusta migratoria migratorioides was reported to exhibit JH activity when a high dose of this compound was topically applied to Tenebrio pupae.…”

Section: Structure Of Juvenile Hormonementioning

confidence: 99%

Insect juvenile hormone action as a potential target of pest management

Minakuchi

Riddiford

2006

J. Pestic. Sci.

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Juvenile hormone (JH) is a sesquiterpenoid hormone that regulates growth and development in insects. Since JH is a hormone specific to insects and other arthropods, compounds disrupting JH action in insects are expected to be ideal insecticides with low toxicity to non-target organisms. Many natural or synthetic analogs with JH-like or anti-JH activity have been identified, and some potent JH mimics have been used as insecticides. Recent studies on the enzymes in JH biosynthetic and metabolic pathways should be helpful for the discovery of more potent analogs and for the establishment of new means of pest management using recombinant DNA technology. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan Keywords: juvenile hormone (JH), insect metamorphosis, insect growth regulators, biosynthesis and metabolism of JH. Review* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: chieka_minakuchi@yahoo.com © Pesticide Science Society of Japan doptera. 17,18) Higher Diptera such as D. melanogaster and the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria produce JH III bisepoxide. 19,20) A small amount of methyl farnesoate, a precursor of JH III, was found in cockroach embryos and larvae. [20][21][22] Methyl farnesoate has also been identified in crustaceans 23) and is thought to have a JH-like action in female reproduction. 24)12Ј-OH JH III identified from the corpora allata of the African locust Locusta migratoria migratorioides was reported to exhibit JH activity when a high dose of this compound was topically applied to Tenebrio pupae. 25,26) Biosynthesis, Transport and Metabolism of Juvenile HormoneIn insects, JH is synthesized in the corpora allata via the mevalonate pathway (Fig. 2).27) The mevalonate pathway also exists in mammals and plants, and the early steps from acetylCoA to farnesyl diphosphate are conserved among these organisms. Importantly, insects and other arthropods do not synthesize cholesterol de novo but have to acquire it from dietary sources because they lack the genes encoding squalene synthase and other subsequent enzymes of the sterol branch. 28,29) Another peculiarity of the mevalonate pathway in insects is the capacity to synthesize JH via the isoprenoid branch.The genes encoding the enzymes in the mevalonate pathway from acetyl-CoA to farnesyl diphosphate have been identified in the genome of D. melanogaster and the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, and in an EST library of the pine engraver Ips pini.27) However, it has been difficult to identify the genes encoding enzymes from farnesyl diphosphate to JH

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Methyl farnesoate and juvenile hormone III in normal and precocene treated embryos of the ovoviviparous cockroachNauphoeta cinerea

Cited by 39 publications

References 15 publications

Juvenile hormone and methyl farnesoate production in cockroach embryos in relation to dorsal closure and the reproductive modes of different species of cockroaches

Juvenile hormone and methyl farnesoate production in cockroach embryos in relation to dorsal closure and the reproductive modes of different species of cockroaches

The pupal specifier broad directs progressive morphogenesis in a direct-developing insect

Insect juvenile hormone action as a potential target of pest management

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