Methods of Small Group Research

Kerr, Norbert L.; Tindale, R. Scott

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511996481.013

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…Our results suggest teams do indeed become increasingly different in their levels of identification (i.e., group polarization), indicating that some teams are able to build and foster a stronger sense of identification than others. Over time, these teams appear to be able to develop a shared narrative and knowledge of what it means to be part of that team (Kerr et al ., ; Postmes et al ., ). The reasons why some teams are able to foster a strong sense of identity, while others are not, could be due to a number of factors that occur across the whole team, such as team climate or effects of leadership (Fransen et al ., ; Kerr & Hertel, ; van Dick et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some individuals will identify more than others with any given group, it is also true that some groups tend to arouse identification more than others. This can be due to a number of factors that occur at the group level , such as sharing of information, team climate, shared norms, and effects of leadership (Fransen et al ., ; Kerr, Aronoff, & Messé, ; Kerr & Hertel, ; Postmes, Haslam, & Swaab, ; van Dick, Grojean, Christ, & Wieseke, ). Thus, studying the influence of individual differences and team differences in social identification together is likely to give a more complete understanding of team performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Team‐level identification predicts perceived and actual team performance: Longitudinal multilevel analyses with sports teams

Thomas

Brown

Easterbrook

et al. 2018

British J Social Psychol

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Social identification and team performance literatures typically focus on the relationship between individual differences in identification and individual‐level performance. By using a longitudinal multilevel approach, involving 369 members of 45 sports teams across England and Italy, we compared how team‐level and individual‐level variance in social identification together predicted team and individual performance outcomes. As hypothesized, team‐level variance in identification significantly predicted subsequent levels of both perceived and actual team performance in cross‐lagged analyses. Conversely, individual‐level variance in identification did not significantly predict subsequent levels of perceived individual performance. These findings support recent calls for social identity to be considered a multilevel construct and highlight the influence of group‐level social identification on group‐level processes and outcomes, over and above its individual‐level effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Team‐level identification predicts perceived and actual team performance: Longitudinal multilevel analyses with sports teams

Thomas

Brown

Easterbrook

et al. 2018

British J Social Psychol

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“…It is evident that group research is generally rather difficult and requires a lot of resources ( Kerr & Tindale, 2014 ). Combining this with another area of research that is difficult and costly (such as experimentally manipulated sleep deprivation or a pharmacological intervention) may be out of sync with the zeitgeist of conducting and publishing studies at high frequencies.…”

Section: The Gie Framework For Analyzing How Acting In a Group Can Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Deprivation Impairs and Caffeine Enhances My Performance, but Not Always Our Performance

Faber

Häusser

Kerr

2016

Pers Soc Psychol Rev

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What effects do factors that impair or enhance performance in individuals have when these individuals act in groups? We provide a framework, called the GIE ("Effects of Grouping on Impairments and Enhancements”) framework, for investigating this question. As prominent examples for individual-level impairments and enhancements, we discuss sleep deprivation and caffeine. Based on previous research, we derive hypotheses on how they influence performance in groups, specifically process gains and losses in motivation, individual capability, and coordination. We conclude that the effect an impairment or enhancement has on individual-level performance is not necessarily mirrored in group performance: grouping can help or hurt. We provide recommendations on how to estimate empirically the effects individual-level performance impairments and enhancements have in groups. By comparing sleep deprivation to stress and caffeine to pharmacological cognitive enhancement, we illustrate that we cannot readily generalize from group results on one impairment or enhancement to another, even if they have similar effects on individual-level performance.

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“…The rich and unique verbal data set allows valuable insights that are difficult or impossible to obtain by other methods. Video experiments are well suited for cross-cultural research (see [53,54]). …”

Section: Videotapingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral Entitlements and Aspiration Formation in Asymmetric Bargaining: Experimental Evidence from Germany and China

Hennig‐Schmidt

Walkowitz

2017

Games

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Using a unique experimental data set, we investigate how asymmetric legal rights shape bargainers' aspiration levels through moral entitlements derived from equity norms and number prominence. Aspiration formation is typically hard to observe in real life. Our study involves 15 negotiations from Germany and China. Over the course of the negotiation, bargainers discuss the distribution of an amount of money by alternating offers until they consent or break off. Legal rights are randomly assigned by asymmetric outside options. We videotape and code the in-group discussions. In total, verbal data from 30 groups, 1100 pages of transcripts, and 65 h of discussions are content-analyzed. Our main finding is that strong groups derive and defend moral entitlements from equity concerns with regard to their outside options. They strive for equitable but unequal distributions (e.g., proportional split and split the difference). Moral entitlements materialize in the recorded aspiration levels and final payoffs, which exceed the equal split. By contrast, weak groups aim at equality. Over the course of the negotiation, equity tends to lose, while the prominence of round numbers gains importance. Similarities between the subject pools are found in that equity and prominence are both decisive for the formation of aspiration levels. Chinese negotiations are characterized by long periods of stagnation, only minimal concessions, and the communication of false goals. By contrast, Germans steadily reduce their goals and make concessions.

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Methods of Small Group Research

Abstract: The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record.

Cited by 16 publications

References 159 publications

Team‐level identification predicts perceived and actual team performance: Longitudinal multilevel analyses with sports teams

Team‐level identification predicts perceived and actual team performance: Longitudinal multilevel analyses with sports teams

Sleep Deprivation Impairs and Caffeine Enhances My Performance, but Not Always Our Performance

Moral Entitlements and Aspiration Formation in Asymmetric Bargaining: Experimental Evidence from Germany and China

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