Methods of in vitro toxicology

Eisenbrand, Gerhard; Pool‐Zobel, Beatrice L.; Baker, V.A; Balls, Michael; Blaauboer, Bas J.; Boobis, Alan R.; Carere, A.; Kevekordes, Sebastian; Lhuguenot, Jean-Claude; Pieters, Raymond; Kleiner, Juliane

doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(01)00118-1

Cited by 368 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 222 publications

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“…MTT or XTT assay), but other parameters, such as changes in cell morphology under microscopic examination have also been used as indicators of compound toxicity. These endpoints have been established for many years and in many cell types (Vlietinck et al 1997, Eisenbrand et al 2002.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…as an indicator of acute toxic effects in vivo) and are also important for designing more in depth in vitro studies (Eisenbrand et al 2002). These data will be useful for a better understanding of other biological activities attributed to violacein, such as antibacterial, antitumoral and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activities (Melo et al 2000, Duran & Menck 2001.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytotoxicity and potential antiviral evaluation of violacein produced by Chromobacterium violaceum

Andrighetti-Fröhner

Antônio

Creczynski-Pasa

et al. 2003

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

175

116

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity and potential antiviral evaluation of violacein produced by Chromobacterium violaceum

Andrighetti-Fröhner

Antônio

Creczynski-Pasa

et al. 2003

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

175

116

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“…Aunque los mecanismos específicos de citotoxicidad se desconocen, éstos bien pudieran involucrar cambios en la permeabilidad de las membranas o en la actividad de enzimas mitocondriales que conducirían a la muerte celular (28). De otra parte, los estudios comparativos in vitro han demostrado que las formulaciones comerciales son más Figura 4.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Este fenómeno puede deberse a la presencia de detergentes y sugiere un mecanismo de muerte celular por necrosis (28). Estas observaciones están de acuerdo con lo observado por Sirisattha quien documentó que Roundup® afectó la estructura de la membrana plasmática y de las organelas celulares en levaduras (36).…”

Section: Figuraunclassified

Citotoxicidad del glifosato en células mononucleares de sangre periférica humana

Martínez

Reyes

2007

biomedica

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Introducción. El glifosato es un herbicida de amplio espectro, no selectivo, utilizado comúnmente en agricultura para eliminar malezas. Los estudios que han evaluado la toxicidad del glifosato en animales y en ambiente muestran que las formulaciones comerciales son más tóxicas que el componente activo. Objetivos. Evaluar la toxicidad del glifosato grado técnico y de la formulación comercial Roundup® en células mononucleares de sangre periférica humana. Materiales y métodos. Células mononucleares de sangre periférica humana fueron expuestas a diferentes concentraciones de glifosato en grado técnico y en la forma de Roundup® por 24, 48, 72 y 96 horas. La citotoxicidad se evaluó mediante el método de exclusión con azul de tripano y reducción del reactivo sal sódica de (2,3-bis[2-metoxi-4-nitro-5-sulfofenil]-2Htetrazolio-5-carboxianilida) (XTT). Resultados. Ambas presentaciones del glifosato (grado técnico y Roundup®) fueron tóxicas para las células mononucleares de sangre periférica humana. Roundup® fue más citotóxico que el glifosato grado técnico, ya que se encontró que la concentración letal 50 (LC 50 ) analizada con el método de exclusión con azul de tripano a las 24 horas fue de 56,4 µg/ml de glifosato en la forma de Roundup® y de 1.640 mg/ml (1,64 µg/ml) para glifosato grado técnico. Conclusiones. Los resultados de este estudio in vitro confirman el efecto tóxico para las células humanas observado para el glifosato y sus preparaciones comerciales, y que estas últimas son más citotóxicas que el compuesto activo, lo que apoya la idea de que los aditivos presentes en las formulaciones comerciales juegan un papel crucial en la toxicidad atribuida a los herbicidas que contienen glifosato.Palabras clave: pruebas inmunológicas de citotoxicidad, herbicidas, células sanguíneas, supervivencia celular, azul de tripano, sales de tetrazolio. Cytotoxicity of the herbicide glyphosate in human peripheral blood mononuclear cellsIntroduction. Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicide and commonly used to eliminate weeds in agricultural and forest settings. Studies evaluating glyphosate toxicity in animals and environment show that commercial formulations of glyphosate are more toxic than the active component itself. Objectives. Technical grade glyphosate was compared with the commercial formulation Roundup® in their respective toxicities on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Materials and methods. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate, either technical grade or in the form of Roundup for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h. Cytotoxicity was assayed by trypan blue dye exclusion method and reduction of (2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2Htetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt) XTT reagent. Results. Both technical grade glyphosate and Roundup® formulation were toxic to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cytotoxicity of Roundup® was higher than cytotoxicity of glyphosate, since the LC 50 (50% lethal concentration) determined by the trypan blue ex...

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“…In this report, some mechanistic aspects of the sensor were investigated in an effort to improve the sensitivity of the sensor. After optimization, the sensor was able to detect DNA damage induced by as low as 10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectrochemical Detection of Oxidative DNA Damage Induced by Fenton Reaction with Low Concentration and DNA-Associated Fe²⁺

2008

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The metal ion dependent decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, the so-called Fenton Reaction, yields hydroxyl radicals that can cause oxidative DNA damage both in Vitro and in ViVo. We have previously reported a photoelectrochemical sensor for the detection of oxidative DNA damage induced by an Fe 2+ -mediated Fenton Reaction, using a DNA intercalator as a photoelectrochemical signal reporter (Liang, M.; Guo, L.-H. EnViron. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 658). The intercalator binds less to the damaged DNA in the sensor film than the native form, resulting in a reduction in the measured photocurrent. In this report, some mechanistic aspects of the sensor were investigated. It was found that Fe 2+ alone (without the coexistence of H 2 O 2 ) suppressed the photocurrent of the intercalator bound to the DNA film in a pH-dependent manner. Similar pH dependence was observed for the potential of the tin oxide nanoparticle colloid used in the preparation of the semiconductor electrode, leading to the hypothesis that the metal ion binds to the surface oxide groups on the electrode and quenches the photoelectrochemical response. At pH 3, the quenching effect was reduced substantially to permit the detection of DNA damage by as low as 10 µM Fe 2+ and 40 µM H 2 O 2 , a concentration that is within the physiologically relevant range. It was also found that Fe 2+ ions associated with the DNA in the sensor film and participated in the DNA damage reaction, a mechanism that has been implicated in previous studies on metal carcinogenesis.

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Methods of in vitro toxicology

Cited by 368 publications

References 222 publications

Cytotoxicity and potential antiviral evaluation of violacein produced by Chromobacterium violaceum

Cytotoxicity and potential antiviral evaluation of violacein produced by Chromobacterium violaceum

Citotoxicidad del glifosato en células mononucleares de sangre periférica humana

Photoelectrochemical Detection of Oxidative DNA Damage Induced by Fenton Reaction with Low Concentration and DNA-Associated Fe²⁺

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Methods of in vitro toxicology

Cited by 368 publications

References 222 publications

Cytotoxicity and potential antiviral evaluation of violacein produced by Chromobacterium violaceum

Cytotoxicity and potential antiviral evaluation of violacein produced by Chromobacterium violaceum

Citotoxicidad del glifosato en células mononucleares de sangre periférica humana

Photoelectrochemical Detection of Oxidative DNA Damage Induced by Fenton Reaction with Low Concentration and DNA-Associated Fe2+

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Photoelectrochemical Detection of Oxidative DNA Damage Induced by Fenton Reaction with Low Concentration and DNA-Associated Fe²⁺