Methods in Quantitative Hemagglutination

Solomon, Joel; Gibbs, Mary B.; Bowdler, A.J.

doi:10.1159/000464966

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Our goal was to perfect a precise and reproducible method to detect and quantitate heterogeneity of antigen expression on the red cell membrane. Counting unagglutinated red cells using a haemocytometer or an electronic particle counter (Coulter) (Solomon et al, 1965) made it possible to measure the relationship between response and dose of antigen, and to construct regression lines from which the 50% haemagglutinating dose (HD50) of the antibody and the slope of the curve could be calculated (Wilkie & Becker, 1955). The maximum precision we achieved with the D-anti-D reaction using the Coulter model B Electronic Particle counter was f 3.5% (Greenwalt et al, 1965).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Haemagglutination

Greenwalt

Steane

1970

Br J Haematol

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Summary. A method is presented for assaying red blood cell antigens using the continuous flow AutoAnalyzer system. The desired conditions for discriminating small differences in specific agglutinability of red cells were obtained by using bromelin but eliminating PVP from the system as usually applied for detecting blood group antibodies. Reproducibility was achieved by careful control of the concentration of the red cell suspensions, sample flow time, temperature, and selection of the antibody concentrations used in each assay. The standard deviation of the HD50 in 267 assays was ± 2.36%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Haemagglutination

Greenwalt

Steane

1970

Br J Haematol

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“…In such a dilute system it is difficult to obtain equilibrium between the antigen and the antibody before the addition of the erythrocytes, and subsequently to obtain equilibrium between the residual antibody and the antigens on the erythrocytes that have been added in the second part of the test. Furthermore there is not a linear relationship between the degree of agglutination and thc amount of residual antibody at low concentrations (Solomon, Gibbs and Bowdler, 1965). This is due to a 'tailing' in the titration caused by variations in the binding constant of the antibody present in a sample which may be as niucli as a hundred-fold (Hughes Jones, 1967).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Blood Group Substances and ABO Haemolytic Disease

1969

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Summary: The passage of incompatible maternal anti‐A and anti‐B isoagglutinins across the placenta can cause haemolysis of foetal erythrocytes. This occurs almost entirely in group A or B infants born to a group O mother, but only one in five such infants shows evidence of a mild haemolytic disease. This suggests that there must be factors protecting the foetal red cells against incompatible maternal antibody. The investigation described here suggests that one such factor is the presence of blood group substances in foetal serum. In an investigation of the amount of A‐substance present in the cord blood of group A infants, significantly greater amounts were found in secretors than in non‐secretors. Also, in group A secretor infants, the amounts of A substance in the cord blood of infants with group O mothers was diminished in comparison with those with group A mothers. These findings are compatible with the idea that some of the A‐substance in the serum of the group A infants with O mothers had combined with maternal anti‐A agglutinin and had been removed from the circulation. This supports the suggestion that blood group substances in cord serum protect the foetal erythrocytes from incompatible maternal antibodies.

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“…The velocity of agglutination has seldom been exploited in the quantitative assay of antigens rather than that of antibodies [6,71. Advantage may, however, be taken of the accuracy and reproducibility of electronic particle counting procedures which, applied to the study of agglutination kinetics, may provide information of interest about the red cell antigenic makeup.…”

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confidence: 99%