Methods for Reducing the Toxicity of Metal and Metal Oxide NPs as Biomedicine

Długosz, Olga; Szostak, Krzysztof; Staroń, Anita; Pulit-Prociak, Jolanta; Banach, Marcin

doi:10.3390/ma13020279

Cited by 134 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Different approaches are available for reducing the toxicity of MNCs such as by altering their shape and size, or modifying their surface to retain essential properties but without creating toxicity. [ 180,181 ] Two factors significantly affect the stability of MNCs when they are used as drug carriers, namely, high salt levels of salt and presence of different proteins. High salt concentration decreases electrostatic repulsion between MNCs and causes them to aggregate.…”

Section: Affecting Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, proteins that are uptaken by the MNCs contribute to alterations in size and surface charge of the modified nanocompounds. [ 181 ] Understanding the interactions of MNCs with biological media is crucial for their safe applications in medical diagnostics and treatment. In the following subsections, the most important parameters that affect the biological activity of nanometals will be discussed.…”

Section: Affecting Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonspherical Metal‐Based Nanoarchitectures: Synthesis and Impact of Size, Shape, and Composition on Their Biological Activity

Zare

Zheng

Makvandi

et al. 2021

Small

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Metal‐based nanoentities, apart from being indispensable research tools, have found extensive use in the industrial and biomedical arena. Because their biological impacts are governed by factors such as size, shape, and composition, such issues must be taken into account when these materials are incorporated into multi‐component ensembles for clinical applications. The size and shape (rods, wires, sheets, tubes, and cages) of metallic nanostructures influence cell viability by virtue of their varied geometry and physicochemical interactions with mammalian cell membranes. The anisotropic properties of nonspherical metal‐based nanoarchitectures render them exciting candidates for biomedical applications. Here, the size‐, shape‐, and composition‐dependent properties of nonspherical metal‐based nanoarchitectures are reviewed in the context of their potential applications in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, as well as, in regenerative medicine. Strategies for the synthesis of nonspherical metal‐based nanoarchitectures and their cytotoxicity and immunological profiles are also comprehensively appraised.

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Section: Affecting Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Affecting Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonspherical Metal‐Based Nanoarchitectures: Synthesis and Impact of Size, Shape, and Composition on Their Biological Activity

Zare

Zheng

Makvandi

et al. 2021

Small

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These toxicity concerns are particularly relevant in vulnerable life stages such as pregnancy, infancy, infective, and inflammatory conditions. Changing the size, charge, shape, and appropriate functionalization of these nanoscale molecules with NO reactive groups and biotin, streptavidin, or PEG modifications will enhance their biocompatibility 125,128 . Minimizing the toxicity effects of such sensors will enhance their potential for clinical translation.…”

Section: Challenges In Clinical Translation Of No Bioimagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular bioimaging of nitric oxide: Achievements, challenges, and the future

Vidanapathirana

Psaltis

Bursill

et al. 2020

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous, volatile, cellular signaling molecule that operates across a wide physiological concentration range (pM–µM) in different tissues. It is a highly diffusible messenger and intermediate in various metabolic pathways. NO plays a pivotal role in maintaining optimum cardiovascular function, particularly by regulating vascular tone and blood flow. This review highlights the need for accurate, real‐time bioimaging of NO in clinical diagnostic, therapeutic, monitoring, and theranostic applications within the cardiovascular system. We summarize electrochemical, optical, and nanoscale sensors that allow measurement and imaging of NO, both directly and indirectly via surrogate measurements. The physical properties of NO render it difficult to accurately measure in tissues using direct methods. There are also significant limitations associated with the NO metabolites used as surrogates to indirectly estimate NO levels. All these factors added to significant variability in the measurement of NO using available methodology have led to a lack of sensors and imaging techniques of clinical applicability in relevant vascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Challenges in applying current methods to biomedical and clinical translational research, including the wide physiological range of NO and limitations due to the characteristics and toxicity of the sensors are discussed, as are potential targets and modifications for future studies. The development of biocompatible nanoscale sensors for use in combination with existing clinical imaging modalities provides a feasible opportunity for bioimaging NO within the cardiovascular system.

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“…However, extensive studies suggested that direct contact with metal and metal oxide NPs induced toxic effects to, for example, cardiovascular (Cao et al, 2018), central nervous (Chang, Li, Niu, Xue, & Tang, 2020), and pulmonary systems (Djurišić et al, 2015), which suggested a risk of metal and metal oxide NP exposure. As such, extensive studies are developing biocompatible metal and metal oxide NPs by, for example, controlling morphology and surface coating (Długosz, Szostak, Staroń, Pulit‐Prociak, & Banach, 2020). Besides these methods, developing nanocomplexes based on metal and metal oxide NPs is also a possible way to fabricate biocompatible NPs (Ghaemi et al, 2018; Yorseng, Siengchin, Ashok, & Rajulu, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of cytotoxicity of Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO nanocomplexes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2020

J of Applied Toxicology

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Novel metal and metal oxide‐based nanocomplexes are being developed due to their superior properties compared with nanoparticles (NPs) based on single composition. In this study, we synthesized Ag‐coated ZnO (Ag/ZnO) and Ag‐doped ZnO (Ag@ZnO) NPs. The cytotoxicity and mechanisms associated with the synthesized NPs were investigated to understand the influence of Ag positions on biocompatibility of the NPs. After exposure to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), Ag/ZnO, Ag@ZnO, and ZnO NPs all significantly induced cytotoxicity, but the cytotoxic effects of Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs were more modest in comparison with ZnO NPs. At cytotoxic concentrations, all NPs significantly induced intracellular Zn ions, which suggested a role of excessive Zn ions on cytotoxicity of NPs. All types of NPs significantly induced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes including DNA damage‐inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3), X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP‐1), and ER to nucleus signaling 1 (ERN1), but Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs were less effective to induce DDIT3 and XBP‐1 expression compared with ZnO NPs. Not surprisingly, only ZnO NPs significantly induced the expression of caspase 3. Combined, the results from this study showed that Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs were less cytotoxic and less potent to induce ER stress gene expression compared with ZnO NPs, but there were no significant differences between Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO NPs. Our results may provide novel understanding about the biocompatibility of Ag–ZnO nanocomplexes.

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Methods for Reducing the Toxicity of Metal and Metal Oxide NPs as Biomedicine

Cited by 134 publications

References 82 publications

Nonspherical Metal‐Based Nanoarchitectures: Synthesis and Impact of Size, Shape, and Composition on Their Biological Activity

Nonspherical Metal‐Based Nanoarchitectures: Synthesis and Impact of Size, Shape, and Composition on Their Biological Activity

Cardiovascular bioimaging of nitric oxide: Achievements, challenges, and the future

Comparison of cytotoxicity of Ag/ZnO and Ag@ZnO nanocomplexes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro

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