Abstract:Trends in the textile industry show a continuous increase in the production and sale of textile materials, which in turn generates a huge amount of discarded clothing every year. This has a negative impact on the environment, on one side, by consuming resources—some of them non-renewables (to produce synthetic polymers)—and on the other side, by polluting the environment through the emission of GHGs (greenhouse gases), the generation of microplastics, and the release of toxic chemicals in the environment (dyes… Show more
“…Besides this group, natural polymers such as starch and cellulose are also highly biodegradable since microbial population has adapted to use these natural polymers as food sources. [21] Aside from the main limiting condition for a polymer to biodegrade attributing to the chemical and physical structure, the surrounding environment plays a significant role. It is also important to clarify that even if a polymer as a virgin resin is considered biodegradable, after processing and due to the incorporation of certain additives and/or physicochemical processes or chemical modifications, the inherent condition of biodegradability can be altered [24] ; therefore, a post-consumer product disposed of at the composting facility may not meet the requirements for biodegradability.…”
Section: Biodegradable Polymersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Besides this group, natural polymers such as starch and cellulose are also highly biodegradable since microbial population has adapted to use these natural polymers as food sources. [ 21 ]…”
Section: Background Of Polymer Degradationmentioning
Biodegradation of polymers in composting conditions is an alternative end‐of‐life (EoL) scenario for contaminated materials collected through the municipal solid waste management system, mainly when mechanical or chemical methods cannot be used to recycle them. Compostability certification requirements are time‐consuming and expensive. Therefore, approaches to accelerate the biodegradation of these polymers in simulated composting conditions can facilitate and speed up the evaluation and selection of potential compostable polymer alternatives and inform faster methods to biodegrade these polymers in real composting. This review highlights recent trends, challenges, and future strategies to accelerate biodegradation by modifying the polymer properties/structure and the compost environment. Both abiotic and biotic methods show potential for accelerating the biodegradation of biodegradable polymers. Abiotic methods, such as the incorporation of additives, reduction of molecular weight, reduction of size and reactive blending, are potentially the most straightforward, providing a level of technology that allows for easy adoption and adaptability. Novel methods, including the concept of self‐immolative and triggering the scission of polymer chains in specific conditions, are increasingly sought. In terms of biotic methods, dispersion/encapsulation of enzymes during the processing step, biostimulation of the environment, and bioaugmentation with specific microbial strains during the biodegradation process are promising to accelerate biodegradation.
“…Besides this group, natural polymers such as starch and cellulose are also highly biodegradable since microbial population has adapted to use these natural polymers as food sources. [21] Aside from the main limiting condition for a polymer to biodegrade attributing to the chemical and physical structure, the surrounding environment plays a significant role. It is also important to clarify that even if a polymer as a virgin resin is considered biodegradable, after processing and due to the incorporation of certain additives and/or physicochemical processes or chemical modifications, the inherent condition of biodegradability can be altered [24] ; therefore, a post-consumer product disposed of at the composting facility may not meet the requirements for biodegradability.…”
Section: Biodegradable Polymersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Besides this group, natural polymers such as starch and cellulose are also highly biodegradable since microbial population has adapted to use these natural polymers as food sources. [ 21 ]…”
Section: Background Of Polymer Degradationmentioning
Biodegradation of polymers in composting conditions is an alternative end‐of‐life (EoL) scenario for contaminated materials collected through the municipal solid waste management system, mainly when mechanical or chemical methods cannot be used to recycle them. Compostability certification requirements are time‐consuming and expensive. Therefore, approaches to accelerate the biodegradation of these polymers in simulated composting conditions can facilitate and speed up the evaluation and selection of potential compostable polymer alternatives and inform faster methods to biodegrade these polymers in real composting. This review highlights recent trends, challenges, and future strategies to accelerate biodegradation by modifying the polymer properties/structure and the compost environment. Both abiotic and biotic methods show potential for accelerating the biodegradation of biodegradable polymers. Abiotic methods, such as the incorporation of additives, reduction of molecular weight, reduction of size and reactive blending, are potentially the most straightforward, providing a level of technology that allows for easy adoption and adaptability. Novel methods, including the concept of self‐immolative and triggering the scission of polymer chains in specific conditions, are increasingly sought. In terms of biotic methods, dispersion/encapsulation of enzymes during the processing step, biostimulation of the environment, and bioaugmentation with specific microbial strains during the biodegradation process are promising to accelerate biodegradation.
“…Clothing/apparel. The clothing industry is a significant resource depleter and natural environment polluter that exerts its negative impact through a variety of actions, such as microfiber (Li et al, 2023) and textile waste pollution, release of toxic chemicals (Stefan et al, 2022), freshwater depletion (Virgens et al, 2022), and pollution (Bhatia, 2017). It has been estimated that 8%-10% of global carbon dioxide emissions are generated by apparel and footwear industries (Leal Filho et al, 2022).…”
This study aimed to systematically review and categorize studies on consumer behavior based on theory of planned behavior (TPB), its core constructs, or extensions, and to provide directions for future research agenda. Scopus and the Web of Science were consulted for studies based on TPB, its parts, or extensions. The inclusion criteria were studies published in peer‐reviewed journals, in English, and within the past decade (i.e., between 2012 and 2021). Graphical methods were used to visually display research findings. For the purpose of literature clustering, MAXQDA 2020 software was employed. In total, 118 scientific, peer‐reviewed sources were included in the review. Two categories, five clusters, and seven subclusters emerged from the literature set. The results revealed a significant research tendency toward exploring consumer green behavior and consumer purchase intention of food products. The least‐explored research themes were focused on consumer intention toward and purchase behavior of clothing, green vehicles, and green personal care products. The review confirmed the growing prevalence of TPB in consumer behavior research aimed at exploring factors preceding behavior.
“…On the other hand, industrialization and population growth necessitate the production of various products in large quantities, from toilet paper to textiles, agricultural commodities to aerospace products, and potable water to rocket fuel, which involves numerous chemicals and liberates various waste products into the environment and water bodies. These waste products not only affect the environment but also causes various health hazards to all living beings [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Hence, these chemicals and other waste products need to be treated and eliminated or converted to other non-hazardous products; in order to achieve this, they need to be identified and quantified [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”
Electrochemical biosensors are superior technologies that are used to detect or sense biologically and environmentally significant analytes in a laboratory environment, or even in the form of portable handheld or wearable electronics. Recently, imprinted and implantable biosensors are emerging as point-of-care devices, which monitor the target analytes in a continuous environment and alert the intended users to anomalies. The stability and performance of the developed biosensor depend on the nature and properties of the electrode material or the platform on which the biosensor is constructed. Therefore, the biosensor platform plays an integral role in the effectiveness of the developed biosensor. Enormous effort has been dedicated to the rational design of the electrode material and to fabrication strategies for improving the performance of developed biosensors. Every year, in the search for multifarious electrode materials, thousands of new biosensor platforms are reported. Moreover, in order to construct an effectual biosensor, the researcher should familiarize themself with the sensible strategies behind electrode fabrication. Thus, we intend to shed light on various strategies and methodologies utilized in the design and fabrication of electrochemical biosensors that facilitate sensitive and selective detection of significant analytes. Furthermore, this review highlights the advantages of various electrode materials and the correlation between immobilized biomolecules and modified surfaces.
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