Methods for Increasing Sensitivity of Immunochromatographic Test Systems with Colorimetric Detection (Review)

Panferov, Vasily G.; Safenkova, Irina V.; Zherdev, Anatoly V.; Dzantiev, Boris B.

doi:10.1134/s0003683821020113

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Therefore, test systems with low LODs are in high demand. Among the approaches used to reduce LODs, new marker systems and assay conditions that ensure the concentrating of labels in the analytical zones of test strips should be noted [ 37 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Au@Pt Nanozyme as Enhancing Label for the Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay of Okadaic Acid

et al. 2022

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In this study, a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was developed to detect okadaic acid (OA) belonging to the diarrheic shellfish poisoning group of aquatic toxins. Newly obtained anti-OA monoclonal antibodies and bimetallic core@shell Au@Pt nanoparticles were used in the indirect format of the LFIA. Peroxidase-mimicking nanozyme properties of Au@Pt enabled using them to enhance band coloration on the test strips and, consequently, for increasing the LFIA sensitivity. The instrumental limit of detection (LOD), the working range of detectable concentrations, and the visual cutoff of the assay were 0.5, 0.8–6.8, and 10 ng/mL, respectively. The assay duration was 20 min. The rapid and simple sample preparation procedure was applied for seawater, river water, and fish samples. The total duration of the sample pretreatment and LFIA was 25/40 min for water/fish samples, ensuring testing rapidity. The developed test system provides sensitive control of raw materials and food products and can be used to detect OA at all stages of the food industry «from sea to fork» chains.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Au@Pt Nanozyme as Enhancing Label for the Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay of Okadaic Acid

et al. 2022

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“…A possible variant of such an enhanced label consists in the formation of oligomeric complexes from several initial labels by their chemical conjugation or affine aggregation during the work of the sensor. (See recent reviews [62][63][64][65] with descriptions of such amplifying techniques.) (2) If it is necessary to expand the selectivity of the immunosensor, i.e., to increase the CR for structurally similar compounds recognized by the used antibodies, the opposite actions are required-an increase in the concentrations of antibodies and modified competing antigens and their use in a non-equimolar ratio.…”

Section: Potential Applicability Of the Presented Results To Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Cross-Reactivity for Different Immunoassays Using the Same Antibodies: Theoretical Description and Experimental Confirmation

et al. 2021

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Many applications of immunoassays involve the possible presence of structurally similar compounds that bind with antibodies, but with different affinities. In this regard, an important characteristic of an immunoassay is its cross-reactivity: the possibility of detecting various compounds in comparison with a certain standard. Based on cross-reactivity, analytical systems are assessed as either high-selective (responding strictly to a specific compound) or low-selective (responding to a number of similar compounds). The present study demonstrates that cross-reactivity is not an intrinsic characteristic of antibodies but can vary for different formats of competitive immunoassays using the same antibodies. Assays with sensitive detection of markers and, accordingly, implementation at low concentrations of antibodies and modified (competing) antigens are characterized by lower cross-reactivities and are, thus, more specific than assays requiring high concentrations of markers and interacting reagents. This effect was confirmed by both mathematical modeling and experimental comparison of an enzyme immunoassay and a fluorescence polarization immunoassay of sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones. Thus, shifting to lower concentrations of reagents decreases cross-reactivities by up to five-fold. Moreover, the cross-reactivities are changed even in the same assay format by varying the ratio of immunoreactants’ concentrations and shifting from the kinetic or equilibrium mode of the antigen-antibody reaction. The described patterns demonstrate the possibility of modulating immunodetection selectivity without searching for new binding reactants.

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“…The high sensitivity of LFIA tests is a mandatory requirement for their clinical use [45,46]. Highly sensitive multiplex LFIA is achieved by the use of nanoparticles that can be detected at low concentrations [47] or by applying enhancement approaches [6]. Such easy-to-use Au NP-based tests may facilitate highly sensitive and multiplex detection by spatial separation of test zones on the membrane [43], barcode strategy [48], or fluorescent encoding [49].…”

Section: Validation Of Lfia In Testing Samples With Inactivated Sars-cov-2 Virionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many approaches to reduce the LOD of LFIA have been developed [5]. Focusing on equipment-free colorimetric LFIA as the most convenient for practical use, the assortment is limited to two major approaches [6]: (a) changes in the physicochemical methods of the colorimetric label (i.e., the use of the nanosized labels that can be registered in lower concentrations [7]) and (b) increase in the amount of the label/derivative products (e.g., aggregation of nanoparticles [8], releasing of registered molecules from nanocarriers [9], and catalytic generation of registered molecules [10]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of In Situ Techniques to Enlarge Gold Nanoparticles for Highly Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2021

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Three techniques were compared for lowering the limit of detection (LOD) of the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) of the receptor-binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) based on the post-assay in situ enlargement of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) on a test strip. Silver enhancement (growth of a silver layer over Au NPs—Au@Ag NPs) and gold enhancement (growth of a gold layer over Au NPs) techniques and the novel technique of galvanic replacement of Ag by Au in Au@Ag NPs causing the formation of Au@Ag-Au NPs were performed. All the enhancements were performed on-site after completion of the conventional LFIA and maintained equipment-free assay. The assays demonstrated lowering of LODs in the following rows: 488 pg/mL (conventional LFIA with Au NPs), 61 pg/mL (silver enhancement), 8 pg/mL (galvanic replacement), and 1 pg/mL (gold enhancement). Using gold enhancement as the optimal technique, the maximal dilution of inactivated SARS-CoV-2-containing samples increased 500 times. The developed LFIA provided highly sensitive and rapid (8 min) point-of-need testing.

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Methods for Increasing Sensitivity of Immunochromatographic Test Systems with Colorimetric Detection (Review)

Cited by 14 publications

References 118 publications

Application of Au@Pt Nanozyme as Enhancing Label for the Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay of Okadaic Acid

Application of Au@Pt Nanozyme as Enhancing Label for the Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay of Okadaic Acid

Changing Cross-Reactivity for Different Immunoassays Using the Same Antibodies: Theoretical Description and Experimental Confirmation

Comparative Study of In Situ Techniques to Enlarge Gold Nanoparticles for Highly Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay of SARS-CoV-2

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