Methods for generating blue-noise dither matrices for digital halftoning

Spaulding, Kevin E.; Miller, Rodney L.; Schildkraut, Jay S.

doi:10.1117/12.266861

Cited by 42 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Several algorithms have been proposed to design dither arrays with better characteristics (Sullivan et al [7], Chu [8], Mitsa and Parker [9], Ulichney [10], and Allebach and Lin [11]). A summary of some of these methods and others applied to multitoning and color printing can be found in [12].…”

Section: Blue-noise Halftoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suppose the s are blue-noise binary dither patterns; their spectra will have the shape indicated in Fig. 3 with amplitudes as in (16) and principal frequencies given by for for for (21) If the multitone dither pattern was generated as white noise, its spectrum would be flat and have an amplitude as indicated in (12). Since the multitone is a linear combination of stacking binary blue-noise patterns, the spectrum of the aggregate should preserve some of the spectral characteristics of the individual patterns.…”

Section: B Multitone Blue-noise Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each multitone pixel is thus considered a realization of a discrete random process obeying a probability density function (11) where the probabilities indicate the proportion of pixels of the corresponding inks included in the multitone, such that . Furthermore, the probabilities are such that the mean or expected value of , while the variance is given by (12) The analysis and synthesis of multitones presents new challenges when compared to halftones. First, effects in the spatial domain should be evaluated since the average intensity or the textures of the dither pattern can be affected by the possible superposition of dots of different intensities or by clustering of different kinds of pixels.…”

Section: A Spectral Statistics Of Multitonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blue-Noise Multitone Dithering

Rodriguez

Arce

Lau

2008

IEEE Trans. on Image Process.

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The introduction of the blue-noise spectra-high-frequency white noise with minimal energy at low frequencies-has had a profound impact on digital halftoning for binary display devices, such as inkjet printers, because it represents an optimal distribution of black and white pixels producing the illusion of a given shade of gray. The blue-noise model, however, does not directly translate to printing with multiple ink intensities. New multilevel printing and display technologies require the development of corresponding quantization algorithms for continuous tone images, namely multitoning. In order to define an optimal distribution of multitone pixels, this paper develops the theory and design of multitone, blue-noise dithering. Here, arbitrary multitone dot patterns are modeled as a layered superposition of stack-constrained binary patterns. Multitone blue-noise exhibits minimum energy at low frequencies and a staircase-like, ascending, spectral pattern at higher frequencies. The optimum spectral profile is described by a set of principal frequencies and amplitudes whose calculation requires the definition of a spectral coherence structure governing the interaction between patterns of dots of different intensities. Efficient algorithms for the generation of multitone, blue-noise dither patterns are also introduced.

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Section: Blue-noise Halftoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Multitone Blue-noise Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Spectral Statistics Of Multitonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blue-Noise Multitone Dithering

Rodriguez

Arce

Lau

2008

IEEE Trans. on Image Process.

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“…In the proposed method, the blue-noise mask [22], [23] is adopted to ensure a pleasant-looking reconstructed result. In this study, identical parameter settings of the DBS [9] for 2-level tone processing are applied to generate the bluenoise mask which is converted from a single tone pattern of intensity 0.5.…”

Section: A Multitoning Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Tone-Replacement Error Diffusion for Multitoning

Guo

Chang

Liu

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. on Image Process.

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Error diffusion is an efficient halftone method for mainly being applied on printers. The promising high image quality and processing efficiency endorse it as a popular and competitive candidate in halftoning and multitoning applications. The multitoning is an extension of halftoning, adopting more than two-tone levels for the improvement of the similarity between an original image and the converted image. Yet, the banding effect, indicating the areas with discontinuous tone level, disturbs the visual perception, and thus seriously degrades image quality. To solve the banding effect, the tone-replacement strategy is proposed in this paper. As documented in the experimental results, excellent tone-similarity as that of the original image and promising reconstructed dot-distribution can be provided simultaneously. Comparing with the former banding-free methods, the apparent improvements/features suggest that the proposed method can be a very competitive candidate for multitoning applications.

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“…An overview of approaches to generating blue-noise dither templates is presented in [11]. One approach would be to build an template by directly shaping the spectrum of binary patterns by an iterative process so as to force blue noise characteristics [12].…”

Section: Point Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Review of halftoning techniques</title>

Ulichney¹

1999

SPIE Proceedings

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Digital halftoning remains an active area of research with a plethora of new and enhanced methods. While several fine overviews exist, this purpose of this paper is to review retrospectively the basic classes of techniques. Halftoning algorithms are presented by the nature of the appearance of resulting patterns, including white noise, recursive tessellation, the classical screen, and blue noise. The metric of radially averaged power spectra is reviewed, and special attention is paid to frequency domain characteristics. The paper concludes with a look at the components that comprise a complete image rendering system. In particular when the number of output levels is not restricted to be a power of 2. A very efficient means of multilevel dithering is presented based on scaling order-dither arrays. The case of real-time video rendering is considered where the YUV-to-RGB conversion is incorporated in the dithering system. Example illustrations are included for each of the techniques described.

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Methods for generating blue-noise dither matrices for digital halftoning

Cited by 42 publications

References 14 publications

Blue-Noise Multitone Dithering

Blue-Noise Multitone Dithering

Tone-Replacement Error Diffusion for Multitoning

<title>Review of halftoning techniques</title>

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