Methods for evaluating chaga extraction effectiveness based on its porosity change

Abstract

The article presents the results of experimental studies of changes in chaga physical parameters in course of aqueous extraction and a method for evaluating the efficiency of target components extraction based on changes in porosity for different zones of the fungus. Cutting-edge techniques and experimental plants were used in the research to determine the physical parameters of solid porous bodies: weight, volume, apparent volume, average density, apparent density, and porosity. It was found that four of the six physical parameters studied, i.e. weight, volume of the sample, apparent volume and average density had a negative change and two, namely apparent density and porosity, had a positive change. The percolation method was used to determine the quantitative yield of extractive substances for various zones of chaga. The largest values of parameter changes are typical for samples from the outer zone (sclerotium) and the fruit body, the smallest - for a sample from the inner layer of the chaga (the place adjacent to the tree trunk). This confirms the hypothesis of the greatest value of chaga elements related to the sclerotium and fruit body zones. A technique has been developed to determine the efficiency of the extraction process by the changes in chaga porosity. The dependence of the degree of extraction on changes in porosity for different layers of chaga has been established and mathematically described, which will allow for a comparative analysis of various extraction methods.

Medicinal Mushrooms: Their Bioactive Components, Nutritional Value and Application in Functional Food Production—A Review

“…Due to their high-water content (about 80–90%), the fruiting bodies of medicinal mushrooms are low in calories (50–70 kcal/100 g) [ 18 ]. After drying, their moisture content is at the level of about 3–13% [ 12 , 19 , 20 ]. The chemical composition of medicinal mushrooms is shown in Table 1 .…”

“…The chemical profile of medicinal mushrooms varies according to species, strain, cultivation conditions (cultured or growing wild) [ 10 ], the degree of maturity [ 11 ], and the proportion of individual anatomical parts in the total mass of the mushroom [ 12 ]. This is largely determined by environmental (access to water, light, UV radiation) [ 9 , 13 ] and biological (type of substrate/host, presence of competing fungi) factors.…”

Comparative Assessment of Nutritional Composition, Polyphenol Content and Antioxidative Properties of Edible and Medicinal Mushroom: Coriolus versicolor

“…Mushrooms and mushroom extracts have gained important biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycaemic and immunomodulatory thanks to their secondary metabolites (polysaccharides, proteins, peptides, terpenoids, polyphenols, vitamins, and mineral elements). The chemical profile of medicinal mushrooms varies according to species, strain, cultivation conditions, the degree of maturity and the proportion of individual anatomical parts in the total mass of the mushroom (Barros et al, 2007;Safin et al, 2022). In virtue of their nutritional composition and bioactive compounds as well as their biological properties, mushrooms are attracting more attention as functional foods and nutraceutical agents to provide better health conditions (Matijasevic et al, 2016;Abdelshafy et al, 2022).…”