1995
DOI: 10.1021/cr00035a007
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Methods for Characterizing Zeolite Acidity

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Cited by 611 publications
(453 citation statements)
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“…Between, the bands present in the recorded DRIFTS spectra, the most important are the OH stretching vibrations related to the hydroxyl functionalities, specifically: silanol groups: Si-OH that is, terminal hydroxyl groups showing low acidity bridged hydroxyl groups: Si-OH-Al in which the proton shows Brönsted acid character and non-acidic extra-framework hydroxyl groups [50]. In the specific case of the DRIFTS spectrum corresponding to the ZSM-5, reported in related to extra-framework, Al-OH, that is: positively charged extra-framework aluminum, and a peak located at 3,740 cm -1 related to terminal silanol groups [26].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 94%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Between, the bands present in the recorded DRIFTS spectra, the most important are the OH stretching vibrations related to the hydroxyl functionalities, specifically: silanol groups: Si-OH that is, terminal hydroxyl groups showing low acidity bridged hydroxyl groups: Si-OH-Al in which the proton shows Brönsted acid character and non-acidic extra-framework hydroxyl groups [50]. In the specific case of the DRIFTS spectrum corresponding to the ZSM-5, reported in related to extra-framework, Al-OH, that is: positively charged extra-framework aluminum, and a peak located at 3,740 cm -1 related to terminal silanol groups [26].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…The hydroxyl bridged groups have been widely studied by, IR spectrometry [24], microcalorimetry [25], nuclear magnetic resonance [26], and other methods [27,28]. Between other conclusions, it was proposed that the acidity of these sites is related with the ease of the proton to be released, i.e., if the interaction between the proton and the oxygen is weaker the Brönsted site should be more acid and the zeolite more active as an acid catalyst [24][25][26][27][28][29]. This inference, however, is not totally exact, since other effects, influences the properties of these acid sites [28].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Isoladamente, cada um destes procedimentos permite interpretações importantes, mas ainda limitadas e algumas vezes incompatíveis com outros resultados esperados. 14 Entre as técnicas de medida da densidade de sítios ácidos, as mais importantes são os métodos de dessorção térmica programada (TPD -Thermal Programmed Desorption), tipicamente de molé-culas sonda básicas quimissorvidas, como a amônia ou aminas. Neste método a molécula sonda é adsorvida sobre a amostra limpa e então se procede à dessorção aumentando-se a temperatura de forma controlada.…”
Section: Figura 1 Etapas De Troca Iônica Para a Geração De Acidez Deunclassified
“…Quanto mais forte o sítio ácido, maior a interação com o adsorvato e maior a temperatura necessária para retirá-lo (i.e., dessorvê-lo). 13,14 O TPD de amônia é uma técnica relativamente barata, bem estabelecida e que permite obter resultados satisfatórios em pouco tempo. Contudo, têm-se relatado alguns contratempos, como a não especificidade da amônia para os sítios ácidos de Brønsted, o qual, sendo uma base muito forte, pode quimissorver em sítios ácidos muito fracos, dificultando a interpretação.…”
Section: Figura 1 Etapas De Troca Iônica Para a Geração De Acidez Deunclassified
“…This technique has been widely applied over the last 50 years but recently, new methodologies employing fluorescence spectroscopy, for example, have emerged [33]. IR and Raman spectroscopy with pyridine and ammonium probes [38][39][40], as well as NMR using alkylamines, trialkylphosphines, and other probes [41][42][43][44] place. One recent study employing both magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR and color indicators estimated an average of one Brønsted acid site per two unit cells (16 supercages) in zeolite NaY [45].…”
Section: Acid and Base Propertiesmentioning
confidence: 99%